3D luam ntawv, tseem hu ua Additive Manufacturing (AM), yog ib txoj kev "transformative" rau cov tsoos industrial ntau lawm. Cov txheej txheem kev tsim tawm ib txwm yog hais txog kev siv cov qauv geometric workpieces uas twb muaj lawm, thiab siv cov cuab yeej los maj mam txiav, polish, thiab kos cov ntaub ntawv kom thaum kawg ua qhov yuav tsum tau ua. 3D luam ntawv yog qhov sib txawv. Nrog kev pab los ntawm 3D luam ntawv cov cuab yeej, cov qauv peb-dimensional yog txheej, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb xws li cov hmoov hlau, cov khoom siv thermoplastic, thiab cov resins tau txuas ntxiv mus thiab sib koom ua ke los ntawm txheej, thiab thaum kawg superimposed los ua peb-dimensional tag nrho. . 3D luam ntawv yog ib qho kev siv tshuab ua ke, npog cov tshuab, cov khoom siv, khoos phis tawj, software, electronics, thiab lwm yam kev qhuab qhia, thiab cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb nyob hauv kev tsim cov tshuab luam ntawv 3D, uas tseem muaj cov kev cai tshwj xeeb rau cov ntaub ntawv, software, tsim, thiab lwm yam.
Piv nrog rau cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ib txwm muaj, 3D luam ntawv muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tsim cov qauv tsim, ua kom lub voj voog ntawm cov khoom lag luam, cov khoom lag luam siab, lub teeb yuag, thiab cov khoom siv siab, tab sis nws cov nqi kuj tseem siab. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm 3D tshuab luam ntawv yog raws li nram no:
(1) Cov khoom uas muaj cov qauv geometric complex tuaj yeem tsim ua kom tiav kev tsim khoom, thiab qhov nyuaj ntawm cov qauv yuav tsis coj tus nqi ntxiv. Cov neeg tsim qauv tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ib txwm muaj thiab tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom seem dawb.
(2) Shorten lub voj voog ntawm kev tsim khoom tshiab thiab kev ua tiav. Thaum tsim cov khoom tshiab hauv kev siv thev naus laus zis, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tsim thiab tsim cov pwm tshiab thiab tsim cov txheej txheem sib dhos, thaum 3D luam ntawv tsis xav tau pwm thiab cov txheej txheem luv luv.
(3) Cov khoom muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub zog siab thiab lub teeb yuag. 3D luam ntawv qhov chaw tuaj yeem paub txog cov qauv honeycomb lattice uas nyuaj rau kev ua haujlwm los ntawm cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub thiab tuaj yeem txo qhov hnyav hauv qhov chaw ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Raws li cov txheej txheem cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib zog ceev ceev ntawm 3D luam ntawv, cov khoom siv tshuab zoo tuaj yeem ua tiav, yog li ua kom muaj zog ntxiv.
(4) Kev siv cov khoom siv tau zoo heev. Txij li cov ntaub ntawv yog superimposed txheej los ntawm txheej, yuav luag tsis muaj cov khoom pov tseg hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, thiab cov khoom siv tau nce mus txog ntau dua 90 feem pua. (5) Cov nqi khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv yog cov nqi siab. Cov khoom lag luam qib 3D luam ntawv yog kim, txij li ib mus rau ob lab yuan mus rau kaum lab lab yuan. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim muaj cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb, 3D luam ntawv muaj cov kev cai tshwj xeeb rau cov ntaub ntawv, thiab cov ntaub ntawv zoo tib yam yuav tsum tau hloov kho. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv yog qhov nyuaj thiab raug nqi, uas txwv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm 3D luam ntawv rau qee yam.
Tom qab ntau tshaj 30 xyoo ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, 3D tshuab luam ntawv tau raug txhim kho tas li, thiab ntau hom kev luam ntawv xws li 3D bioprinting, organic khoom luam ntawv, thiab hlau luam ntawv tau tsim. Hlau 3D luam ntawv feem ntau siv laser thiab electron beam zog qhov chaw los yaj hlau hmoov, kom cov hmoov hlau yog sintered thiab piled mus rau ib tug tag nrho cov qauv. Muaj ob txoj hauv kev ntawm cov hmoov hlau hlau nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov txheej txheem, hmoov kis thiab hmoov pub. Raws li kev sib txawv ntawm cov hmoov pub mis, cov txheej txheem hlau 3D luam ntawv yog muab faib ua cov kev taw qhia lub zog deposition (tseem hu ua hmoov noj) thiab hmoov txaj xaiv melting (tseem hu ua hmoov sib kis). Cov hmoov txheej yog hais txog kev sib kis cov hmoov hlau ntawm lub substrate los tsim ib txheej nyias, uas yog tom qab ntawd fused ua ke los ntawm laser melting tej thaj chaw ntawm txheej nyias. Piv nrog cov hmoov sib kis, hmoov pub mis tsis tsim ib txheej nyias, thiab cov hmoov yog xa ncaj qha mus rau lub pas dej molten tsim los ntawm laser ntawm lub substrate los ntawm cov hmoov nozzle thiab sintered los ua ib tug tag nrho. Lub ntsiab hlau 3D luam ntawv thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov tshuab laser xaiv melting (SLM), hluav taws xob beam melting forming (EBM), laser net shaping technology (LENS), electron beam fusion filament deposition technology (EBF), thiab lwm yam.
Muaj peb yam tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov hlau additive manufacturing technology, khoom siv, khoom siv, thiab cov txheej txheem. Tam sim no, tseem muaj chaw rau kev txhim kho ntawm peb yam no. Txhawm rau nthuav dav daim ntawv teev npe ntawm 3D luam ntawv thev naus laus zis, hlau additive manufacturing technology yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm tus nqi qis, loj loj, ntau yam khoom, siab precision, thiab high efficiency.
(1) Cov khoom siv hlau additive yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm loj-scale thiab tshwj xeeb. Nrog rau qhov kev thov ntau ntxiv rau kev luam ntawv loj thiab cov chaw tshwj xeeb, cov khoom siv hlau 3D luam ntawv tau dhau los ua ib qho qauv ntawm kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob.
(2) Printable raw cov ntaub ntawv txuas ntxiv mus, thiab cov khoom siv sib xyaw luam tawm pib tshwm. Tam sim no, cov khoom siv raw khoom siv hlau 3D luam ntawv yog qhov me me thiab cov khoom siv tsis zoo. Nrog rau kev nkag mus tas li ntawm kev tsim khoom ntxiv hauv kev lag luam, kev lag luam xav tau rau hlau 3D luam ntawv uas tuaj yeem ua tiav ntau cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke yog maj mam nce. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib txhij luam ntawv ntawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv sib xyaw yog pib tawm, uas tuaj yeem ua ke qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom sib txawv.
(3) Tsim cov khoom siv hlau ntxiv tshiab. Traditional hlau additive manufacturing technology muaj teeb meem xws li tus nqi siab thiab tsis tshua muaj efficiency, ntawm cov uas tsis muaj efficiency kuj yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb yam tseem ceeb uas txwv additive manufacturing los ntawm hloov cov tsoos subtractive manufacturing nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb. Nws cia siab tias nrog kev loj hlob zuj zus ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no yav tom ntej, xws li kev nce ntawm lub zog laser thiab kev ua kom zoo ntawm txoj kev luam ntawv, cov nqi ntawm cov khoom siv ntxiv tuaj yeem txhim kho.