Tam sim no, muaj txog 14 yam khoom siv uas siv tau ib txwm siv ntawm 3D tshuab luam ntawv, thiab 107 yam khoom tau raug muab ua ke thiab hloov kho raws li qhov no. Feem ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no yog cov xov hlau, hmoov, los yog kua nplaum.
3D tshuab luam ntawv tau nyob ib ncig ntawm kaum xyoo. Txij li nws kev lag luam hauv xyoo 1980s, nws tau siv dav hauv machining, automotive manufacturing thiab lwm yam lag luam, thiab kuj tau maj mam nce hauv kev lag luam xws li kev tsim kho, kev kho mob, kab lis kev cai creativity thiab kev cai relics restoration.
Tam sim no, muaj plaub txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb rau kev kho thiab tsim 3D luam ntawv cov ntaub ntawv: cua sov, txias, ultraviolet irradiation, thiab laser sintering. Los ntawm kev sib piv tus nqi ntawm ntau yam technologies, Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) yog undoubtedly tus nqi qis tshaj tag nrho, yog li qhov muaj koob meej kuj yog siab. Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, feem ntau yog cov fuse xov hlau, thiab cov ntaub ntawv yog ABS, hluavtaws roj hmab, cam khwb cia ciab, thiab polyester thermoplastics. Ntxiv rau qhov kev lag luam yooj yim tshaj plaws Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Selective Laser sintering (SLS) yog tam sim no qhov tseeb tshaj plaws 3D tshuab luam ntawv, thiab ntau cov qauv kho mob thiab cov qauv aviation tau luam tawm siv cov tshuab no. Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm cov ntawv thov tam sim no, cov khoom siv muaj rau 3D luam ntawv tsis yog nplua nuj heev. Txawm hais tias 3D luam ntawv thev naus laus zis ntawm pob txha noj mov, hydrogel, hlwb thiab lwm yam bio-inks raws li cov khoom siv kuj tau tsim thiab ua tiav kev sim, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov ntawv thov loj loj kuj muaj sijhawm ntev.
Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, lawv tau muab faib ua cov khoom siv hlau, cov khoom siv roj ntsha, thiab cov khoom tsis yog xim hlau thiab cov khoom tsis yog lom raws li lawv qhov sib txawv.
1. Cov khoom siv hlau tseem ceeb
1) Titanium alloy yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov qauv hlau pom los ntawm tib neeg. Titanium alloys yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb vim lawv ultra-siab zog, zoo heev corrosion kuj thiab kub kuj. Vim yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom, titanium alloys muaj qhov zoo ntawm lub zog siab thiab ceev, kev tsis zoo, thiab zoo corrosion tsis kam. Kev tsim tawm txhua xyoo ntawm titanium alloys hauv ntiaj teb tau mus txog ntau dua 40, 000 tons, thiab muaj ntau dua 30 hom titanium alloys. Ntawm lawv, feem ntau siv titanium alloys yog TI6AI4V (TC4), TI5AI2.5Sn (TA7) thiab muaj ntshiab titanium (TA1 / TA2 / TA3).
Feem ntau siv hauv EOS tuam txhab M series, 3D tshuab tuam txhab SPRO series hlau hmoov sintering molding khoom. Siv nyob rau hauv aerospace, kho mob cog, high-end manufacturing, thiab lwm yam.
2) Hlau thiab hlau hmoov feem ntau yog hais txog kev sib sau ntawm cov khoom hlau uas muaj txoj kab uas hla tsawg dua 0.5mm, xim yog xim dub, thiab cov khoom siv tseem ceeb ntawm cov hmoov metallurgy. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov khoom siv, tag nrho cov ntshiab hlau hlau yog silver-dawb. Qhov laj thawj vim li cas hlau hmoov dub yog vim qhov nqus ntawm lub teeb. Cov hmoov hlau muaj lub zog siab, siab nto smoothness, muaj zog corrosion kuj thiab tsis yooj yim.
Feem ntau siv hauv EOS tuam txhab M series, 3D tshuab tuam txhab SPRO series hlau hmoov sintering molding khoom. Rau kev tsim khoom, qauv tsim, kev tsim kho, thiab lwm yam.
3) Kev siv cov hmoov txhuas txhuas hauv kev lag luam 3D luam ntawv zoo ib yam li cov titanium hmoov thiab hlau hmoov, thiab feem ntau yog siv hauv Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) khoom.
4) Lwm yam 3D luam ntawv hlau cov ntaub ntawv suav nrog kub thiab nyiaj, tungsten alloy, tooj liab alloy, thiab lwm yam.
2. Cov khoom siv biomaterials
1) Biomaterial 3D luam ntawv thev naus laus zis tau tsim cov kev cia siab dav dav hauv biomedical teb xws li cov tshuaj kho dua tshiab, cov ntaub so ntswg engineering, tshuaj tsim kho, thiab kev pab kho mob. Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb suav nrog cov hlwb nyob, cov ntaub ntawv biomedical polymer, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsis muaj sia. , hydrogel cov ntaub ntawv, polyetheretherketone (PEEK).
2) PEEK yog cov yas yas uas muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo, nrog rau qhov kub thiab txias, nws tus kheej lubrication, tshuaj stability, hluav taws xob tsis kam thiab hluav taws xob, nrog rau cov khoom siv zoo heev, uas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev tsim khoom thiab kev tsim hluav taws xob. Hauv kev lag luam biomedicine, PEEK muaj biocompatibility zoo heev. Piv nrog rau cov khoom cog ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hlau, nws cov elastic modulus yog ze rau ntawm tib neeg cov pob txha, uas zoo heev txo qhov sib txawv ntawm cov elastic modulus ntawm cov hlau thiab tib neeg cov pob txha. Cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm PEEK implants tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov kev xav tau ntawm tib neeg lub cev, yog li PEEK yog cov khoom siv cog zoo orthopedic. Piv nrog rau cov hlau cog, lub elastic modulus ntawm PEEK yog ze rau ntawm cov pob txha cortical. Qhov thib ob, PEEK tuaj yeem xa cov duab xoo hluav taws xob, CT lossis MRI scans yam tsis muaj cov khoom cuav, yog li nws yooj yim dua los saib xyuas cov pob txha loj hlob thiab kho cov txheej txheem.
3. Ntxiv rau cov hlau thiab biomaterials, lwm yam khoom siv luam ntawv muaj xws li plastics, photosensitive resins, waxes, plaster, nylon, ceramics.
1) Cov ntaub ntawv yas tseem hu ua resin, uas tuaj yeem hloov pauv nws daim ntawv thiab style, thiab yooj yim heev rau siv. Hauv kev lag luam, PP / HDPE / LDPE / PVC / PS yog lub npe hu ua tsib lub hom phiaj dav dav. Tab sis hauv 3D luam ntawv, cov khoom siv feem ntau yog ABS thiab PLA. Lawv tsuas yog siv hauv kev tsim khoom, qauv tsim, kev kawm thiab kev kho mob, khaub ncaws tshuab, thiab lwm yam.
2) Photosensitive resin feem ntau hu ua UV-curable shadowless kua nplaum, los yog UV resin (kua nplaum). Photosensitive resins feem ntau khaws cia rau hauv lub xeev ua kua, thiab feem ntau yog siv los ua kom muaj zog, siab kub, tsis muaj dej thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv. Nrog lub advent ntawm SLA 3D tshuab luam ntawv, cov khoom no tau pib siv nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm 3D printing. Tsoos photosensitive resins yog siv nyob rau hauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, qauv tsim, machinery manufacturing, thiab lwm yam., thiab high-kev ua tau zoo photosensitive resins yog siv nyob rau hauv loj-scale tsim ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab industrial kawg khoom.
3) Lub freezing point ntawm wax kuj siab, ntawm 38-90 degree . Cov kws tshaj lij 3D tshuab luam ntawv feem ntau yog PROJET 3500 series ntawm American 3D systems tuam txhab. 3D luam ntawv ciab yog cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb. Cov nyhuv luam tawm kawg yog qhov muag heev, qhov saum npoo ntawm cov khoom yog du thiab tag nrho ntawm kev ntxhib los mos, nrog cov ntsiab lus zoo thiab zoo heev precision. degrees, raws li qhia nyob rau hauv Fig. Feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv hniav nyiaj hniav kub casting, micro kho mob li, kho mob cog, figurines, thiab lwm yam.
4) Cov khoom siv gypsum yog ib qho ntawm tsib cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb gel, thiab gypsum siv rau 3D luam ntawv cov cuab yeej feem ntau yog hmoov dawb. Gypsum hmoov yog siv los ua Peb Dimensional Printing (3DP) tshuab luam ntawv. Lub nozzle ntawm lub binder tuaj yeem muab ntxiv nrog cov xim number case cartridges tib lub sijhawm, thiab cov xim sib xyaw ua ke rau hauv cov ntawv khi thaum luam ntawv, yog li txhawm rau xim tus qauv, ua cov txheej txheem no dhau los ua qhov tam sim no cov xim 3D luam ntawv thev naus laus zis tshaj plaws. . Feem ntau yog siv rau kev tsim qauv, tshuab tsim, kev kawm thiab kev kho mob, thiab lwm yam.
5) Cov ntaub ntawv nylon tseem hu ua resistant log (PA). Cov ntaub ntawv nylon feem ntau yog dawb, cov khoom zoo heev. Cov khoom siv nylon 3D luam ntawv muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub zog siab, siab precision, zoo toughness, thiab lwm yam., thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus qee qhov siab. Feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov qauv complex, tswv yim qauv, qauv me me, teeb pom kev zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm ntau lawm.
6) Cov ntaub ntawv ceramic muaj qhov ua tau zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, siab zog, siab hardness, tsawg ntom thiab zoo tshuaj stability, ua rau lawv lug siv nyob rau hauv aerospace, tsheb, biology thiab lwm yam lag luam. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ceramic, sib txawv 3D tshuab luam ntawv tuaj yeem siv los tsim. Cov txheej txheem ntau yog raws li nram no:
A. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), uas feem ntau yog siv ceramic paste los ua cov plooj (porcelain) rau kev saib thiab siv.
B. Stereo lithography Appearance (SLA), siv ceramic slurry tov nrog photosensitive resin, feem ntau yog siv hauv cov khoom siv kho hniav, implantsm, hniav nyiaj hniav kub, thiab lwm yam.
C. Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), siv cov khoom siv hmoov ceramic, vim nws qhov tsis tshua muaj siab thiab siab xav tau rau cov hmoov, cov tshuab no tsis siv ntau.