Aluminium thiab Titanium: Cov kev xaiv zoo rau Aerospace Additive Manufacturing

Raws li qhov kev xav ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev tsim kho tshiab, Science ib zaug luam tawm ib tsab xov xwm taw qhia tias kev lag luam niaj hnub xav tau cov ntaub ntawv tsim kom muaj lub zog siab, tawg toughness, thiab nruj, thiab tib lub sijhawm txo qhov hnyav kom ntau li ntau tau. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub teeb yuag high-lub zog alloys sawv cev los ntawm txhuas thiab titanium, thiab load-bearing tshav kub-resistant alloys sawv cev los ntawm Ni-raws li superalloys tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tsim nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab nyob rau hauv ntau yam. lub teb chaws, thiab tseem nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm laser additive manufacturing. Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb.

Qhov zoo thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm titanium thiab aluminium

Aluminium alloy thiab titanium alloy, vim lawv lub zog qis dua thiab muaj zog siv hauv aerospace, thiab lwm qhov chaw, tshwj xeeb siv cov tshuab luam ntawv 3D, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv kev lag luam aviation. Nws yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam aviation.

Ob leeg titanium thiab aluminium yog lub teeb, tab sis tseem muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm ob. Txawm hais tias titanium yog kwv yees li ob feem peb hnyav dua li txhuas, nws lub zog muaj zog txhais tau hais tias lub zog yuav tsum tau ua tiav siv tsawg dua. Titanium alloys tau siv dav hauv cov dav hlau dav hlau dav hlau thiab ntau hom dav hlau, thiab lawv lub zog thiab qhov ntom ntom tuaj yeem txo cov nqi roj. Qhov ntom ntawm aluminium alloy tsuas yog ib feem peb ntawm cov hlau, thiab nws yog cov khoom siv dav tshaj plaws thiab cov khoom siv hnyav rau lub tsheb ntawm theem no. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov txhuas alloys tuaj yeem siv rau hauv lub tsheb txog li 540kg. Nrog rau 40 feem pua ​​​​ntawm qhov hnyav, tag nrho-aluminium lub cev ntawm Audi, Toyota, thiab lwm hom tsheb yog ib qho piv txwv zoo.

Cov khoom siv ntawm aluminium thiab titanium

Txij li thaum ob qho khoom siv muaj lub zog siab thiab qhov ntom ntom, lwm qhov sib txawv yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab thaum txiav txim siab siv cov alloy.

Lub zog / Qhov hnyav: Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb, txhua gram ntawm ib feem suav, tab sis yog tias yuav tsum muaj lub zog ntau dua, titanium yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj. Vim li no, titanium alloys yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv kho mob / cog, kev sib txuas ntawm satellite, fixtures, thiab stents, thiab lwm yam.

Nqi: Txhuas yog cov hlau zoo tshaj plaws rau machining lossis 3D luam ntawv; titanium yog kim tab sis tseem tuaj yeem tsav tus leap ntawm tus nqi. Kev txuag roj ntawm cov khoom hnyav rau lub dav hlau lossis lub dav hlau yuav loj, thaum titanium qhov chaw yuav kav ntev dua.

Thermal khoom: Aluminium alloys muaj thermal conductivity thiab feem ntau yog siv los ua radiators; rau cov ntawv thov kub kub, titanium lub siab melting point ua rau nws tsim nyog, thiab aero-engines muaj ntau cov titanium alloy Cheebtsam.

Corrosion Resistance: Ob leeg txhuas thiab titanium muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo heev.

Titanium qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab tsis tshua muaj reactivity ua rau nws cov biocompatible hlau feem ntau, thiab nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev kho mob daim ntawv thov xws li cov cuab yeej phais. Ti64 kuj tiv taus cov dej qab ntsev ib puag ncig zoo thiab feem ntau siv hauv kev siv dej hiav txwv.

Aluminium alloys thiab titanium alloys muaj ntau heev hauv kev siv aerospace. Titanium alloy muaj lub zog siab thiab qhov ntom ntom (tsuas yog li 57 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov hlau), thiab nws lub zog tshwj xeeb (lub zog / ntom) yog ntau dua li lwm cov khoom siv hlau. Nws tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom nrog lub zog siab, zoo rigidity, thiab lub teeb yuag. Titanium alloys tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov khoom siv dav hlau, cov pob txha, cov tawv nqaij, fasteners, thiab tsaws iav. 3D luam ntawv thev naus laus zis siv cov ntaub ntawv pom tias aluminium alloys haum rau kev ua haujlwm hauv ib puag ncig hauv qab 200 degree C. Cov khoom siv txhuas siv hauv Airbus A380 lub cev muaj nyiaj ntau dua 1/3, thiab C919 kuj siv ntau cov pa roj carbon monoxide. kev ua tau zoo aluminium alloy cov ntaub ntawv. Aircraft tawv, bulkheads, tav, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem ua los ntawm txhuas alloys.

Titanium Additive Manufacturing thiab Aerospace Kev Lag Luam

Raws li 2019 Ntiaj Teb Aerospace thiab Defense Industry Outlook luam tawm los ntawm Deloitte taw qhia, raws li kev lag luam aerospace thiab kev tiv thaiv txuas ntxiv, yog li yuav xav tau ntau lawm. Thiab, thaum tsim rau kev siv dav hlau thiab kev tiv thaiv, kev xaiv cov khoom siv yog qhov tseem ceeb. Rau cov khoom hauv av, txo cov khoom suav thiab qhov hnyav yog qhov tseem ceeb. Hauv cov cheeb tsam no, txhua 1g ntawm kev poob phaus tuaj yeem nqa cov txiaj ntsig zoo.

Titanium muaj qhov kub siab tshaj plaws melting point, tshaj 1600 degree, thiab feem ntau yog ib qho nyuaj-rau-tsim khoom, uas yog lub ntsiab yog vim li cas nws yog kim dua lwm yam hlau. Ti6Al4V yog tam sim no cov khoom siv titanium alloy siv dav tshaj plaws. Nws tsis yog tsuas yog lub teeb hauv qhov hnyav, tab sis kuj muaj lub zog siab thiab kub-kub kuj. Cov yam ntxwv no ua rau nws nrov heev hauv thaj chaw aerospace. Cov kev siv feem ntau suav nrog kev tsim cov hniav, discs, casings, thiab lwm qhov chaw rau qhov kub qis ntawm cov kiv cua thiab compressors, nrog rau kev khiav hauj lwm kub ntawm 400-500 degree ; kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev tsim cov airframe thiab capsule Cheebtsam, foob pob ua ntxaij cav thiab helicopters Rotor hubs, thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias nws qhov kub thiab txias tsis kam, titanium muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo, ua rau nws tsis zoo rau kev siv hluav taws xob. Titanium kuj tseem kim dua piv rau lwm cov hlau hnyav xws li txhuas.

Kev siv Titanium hauv Aerospace Kev Lag Luam

Kev siv cov cuab yeej tsim khoom siv ntxiv yog qhov tsim nyog los txo cov nqi ua haujlwm thiab pov tseg ntawm cov khoom siv raw, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev lag luam. Titanium-raws li alloys kuj yog cov feem ntau systematic thiab paub tab alloy systems rau additive manufacturing kev tshawb fawb. Additively manufactured titanium alloy Cheebtsam tau siv raws li load-bearing qauv nyob rau hauv lub aerospace teb. Raws li kev tshawb fawb ntawm 3D luam ntawv thev naus laus zis hais txog, Aero Met Tuam Txhab Tebchaws Meskas tau pib tsim cov titanium alloy sub-load-bearing cov qauv kuaj cov qauv rau Boeing F/A-18E/F cov cab kuj-raws li kev sib ntaus sib tua / tawm tsam aircraft hauv cov khoom me me hauv xyoo 2001 thiab ua tus thawj coj hauv kev paub txog LMD titanium alloy hauv xyoo 2002. Daim ntawv thov ntawm cov khoom siv thauj khoom thib ob ntawm F / A-18 tshuab kuaj xyuas. Beijing University of Aeronautics thiab Astronautics tau ua tiav hauv cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb ntawm laser additive manufacturing ntawm titanium alloys. Cov khoom siv kho tshuab dav dav ntawm cov alloys tseem ceeb tshaj cov forgings. Cov kabmob loj loj loj titanium alloy thav duab thiab lwm yam khoom tsim tau raug teeb tsa thiab siv rau hauv dav hlau. Northwestern Polytechnical University siv laser additive manufacturing technology los tsim lub sab sauv thiab sab ntug strip qauv ntawm lub hauv paus tis tav ntawm C919 aircraft rau COMAC, nrog ib tug loj ntawm 3000mm × 350mm × 450mm thiab ib tug loj ntawm 196kg.

Aluminium raws li alloys muaj tsawg ntom ntom ntom, muaj lub zog muaj zog, muaj zog corrosion, zoo formability, thiab lub cev zoo thiab cov kws kho tshuab lub cev. Lawv yog cov feem ntau siv tsis-ferrous hlau structural cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam. Rau laser additive manufacturing, aluminium-raws li cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau nyuaj-rau-tshuab cov ntaub ntawv, uas yog txiav txim los ntawm lawv cov tshwj xeeb lub cev (tsis tshua muaj ceev, tsis tshua muaj laser absorptivity, siab thermal conductivity, yooj yim oxidation, thiab lwm yam). Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntxiv, qhov ntom ntawm aluminium alloy yog qhov me me, cov hmoov fluidity kuj tsis zoo, qhov sib xws ntawm kev tso rau ntawm SLM tsim cov hmoov txaj tsis zoo, los yog qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm cov hmoov thauj mus los hauv LMD. txheej txheem tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, qhov tseeb thiab qhov tseeb ntawm cov hmoov sib kis / hmoov pub rau hauv cov khoom siv laser additive raug kuj siab.

Tam sim no, aluminium alloys siv nyob rau hauv additive manufacturing yog feem ntau Al-Si alloys, cov uas AlSi10Mg thiab AlSi12 nrog zoo fluidity tau dav kawm. Txawm li cas los xij, vim yog cov khoom siv ntawm Al-Si alloy cam khwb cia aluminium alloy, txawm hais tias nws tau npaj los ntawm kev tsim cov txheej txheem laser additive, lub zog tensile nyuaj siab tshaj 400MPa, uas txwv tsis pub nws cov kev pabcuam hauv aerospace thiab lwm yam haujlwm. Siv rau cov tswv cuab siab load-bearing.

Tus nqi ntawm aluminium alloy siv hauv dav hlau yog siab li 20 feem pua

Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov cuab yeej zoo dua qub, ntau lub tuam txhab thiab cov tsev kawm qib siab hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws tau nrawm nrawm ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho nyob rau xyoo tas los no, thiab ntau lub zog aluminium alloys siab rau kev tsim khoom ntxiv tau teev tseg. Airbus tau tsim Scalmalloy, lub ntiaj teb thawj lub zog aluminium alloy hmoov cov khoom siv rau kev tsim khoom ntxiv, nrog lub zog tensile ntawm 520MPa ntawm chav tsev kub, uas tau siv rau kev tsim khoom ntxiv ntawm A320 aircraft cabin structural qhov chaw. Lub zog ntawm lub zog siab 7A77.60L aluminium alloy rau 3D luam ntawv tsim los ntawm Hughes Research Laboratory (HRL) hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau tshaj 600Mpa, ua rau nws thawj forged sib npaug high-strength aluminium alloy uas tuaj yeem siv rau kev tsim khoom ntxiv. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center tau pib rau Cov khoom no yog siv los tsim cov khoom loj hauv aerospace; 3D tshuab luam ntawv siv tau kuj tau tshaj tawm ib hom tshiab ntawm high-strength aluminium alloy tsim thiab tsim los ntawm domestic CRRC Industry Research Institute rau 3D luam ntawv, uas tawg los ntawm patent txwv ntawm Airbus. Qhov ruaj khov tshaj 560MPa, uas yog qhov zoo dua li kev luam ntawv ntawm Airbus Scalmalloy® aluminium alloy hmoov, uas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm 3D luam ntawv ntawm high-end manufacturing qhov chaw xws li cov khoom siv tsheb ciav hlau hauv tsev thiab aerospace. kev siv cov khoom siv.

Niaj hnub nimno aerospace Cheebtsam yuav tsum tau raws li ib tug series ntawm xav tau kev pab xws li lub teeb yuag, kev ua haujlwm siab, kev ntseeg siab, thiab tus nqi qis, thiab cov qauv ntawm cov khoom yog complex thiab nyuaj rau tsim thiab tsim. Kev tsim kho tshiab thiab tsim cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb rau laser additive manufacturing aluminium, titanium, thiab nickel-based Cheebtsam hauv aerospace, tsis tsuas yog qhia txog kev txhim kho ntawm lub teeb yuag thiab kev ua haujlwm siab hauv kev xaiv cov khoom siv tab sis tseem qhia txog qhov tseeb ntawm kev tsim khoom siv technology nws tus kheej. , Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov duab zoo tuaj yeem paub txog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv-cov qauv-kev ua tau zoo thiab kev siv engineering loj ntawm kev tsim khoom siv thev naus laus zis hauv aerospace.