Puas yog tag nrho cov hlau 3D luam tawm qhov yuav tsum tau txais kev tshaj tawm - ua?

1. Txoj hauv paus ntsiab lus: "Congenital defects" nyob rau hauv additive manufacturing thiab ib txoj kev los kho lawv nyob rau hauv post-processing
Lub tswv yim yooj yim tom qab hlau 3D luam ntawv yog "txheej los ntawm txheej stacking." Qhov no txhais tau tias melting hlau hmoov nrog ib tug laser lossis electron beam ua rau peb -dimensional shape. Txawm hais tias cov txheej txheem no yuav ua rau cov txheej txheem geometric nyuaj yam tsis muaj nqi, nws yuav ib txwm muaj cov teeb meem hauv qab no:

Ntau dhau qhov roughness ntawm qhov chaw: Lub solidification markings ntawm lub melt pas dej ua ke ntawm cov txheej txheem luam tawm tsim ib tug "cov kauj ruam nyhuv," uas ua rau lub nto roughness (Ra nqi) siab tshaj nws yuav nrog ib txwm ua. Piv txwv li, titanium alloy 3D luam tawm qhov chaw tuaj yeem muaj qhov roughness ntawm Ra 10-20 μm, qhov dav hlau cav hniav xav tau qhov roughness ntawm Ra tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.8 μm.
Tsim kom muaj kev ntxhov siab ntxiv: Yog tias koj ua kom sov thiab txias ib feem sai, nws tuaj yeem tsim kev ntxhov siab hauv qhov, uas tuaj yeem ua rau nws khoov, distort, lossis tawg. Cov ntaub ntawv kawm ntawm kev ua haujlwm aviation structural tivthaiv qhov project qhia tau hais tias 3D luam titanium alloy qhov chaw uas tsis kho tuaj yeem khoov mus txog 1.2 hli tom qab milling, uas yog ntau tshaj qhov tsim kev zam.
Qhov tsis xws luag hauv microstructure: Micro flaws zoo li porosity thiab tsis muaj fusion hauv cov khoom yog tshwm sim los ntawm txoj kev hmoov metallurgy txoj kev ua haujlwm. Cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias qhov porosity ntawm aluminium alloy cov khoom tsim nrog cov txheej txheem SLM tuaj yeem ncav cuag 0.5% mus rau 2%, ua rau lub neej qaug zog heev.
Tshaj tawm- thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis siv lub cev, tshuaj, lossis cov thev naus laus zis los kho cov teeb meem uas tau teev tseg hauv ib txoj kev tshwj xeeb:

Mechanical processing: Ib tug tsib -axis CNC tshuab cuab yeej tuaj yeem ua rau qhov chaw tseem ceeb du txaus kom qis dua Ra 0.4 μ m.
Kev kho cua sov yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab uas seem thiab txhim kho cov qauv nplej. Annealing thiab daws kev kho mob yog ob qho piv txwv ntawm qhov no. Piv txwv li, tom qab kev kho cua sov, qhov kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov turbocharger nyob rau hauv qee lub tsheb poob los ntawm 75%, thiab qhov ruaj khov ntawm qhov ntev nce mus txog 30%.
Kub isostatic nias (HIP): compressing pores nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw nrog kev kub siab thiab kub kom tau cov khoom ntom ntom ze rau 100%. Hauv kev lag luam aerospace, HIP kev kho mob tau pom tias muaj ob lossis peb npaug ntawm lub neej qaug zog ntawm qhov chaw.
2. Cov kev xav tau zoo: mus los ntawm "usable" mus rau "txhim kho"
Cov txheej txheem zoo rau cov chaw uas cov hlau 3D luam tawm yuav raug siv ncaj qha rau kev tshaj tawm -kev xav tau ntawm cov khoom zoo li no. Tshaj tawm- kev ua tiav tau dhau los ua ib kauj ruam tsim nyog hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:

Kev ua haujlwm siab: Kev cog ntoo kho mob yuav tsum ua tiav raws li ISO 13485 tus qauv kho mob, thiab qhov chaw roughness yuav tsum tau khaws cia rau Ra 0.8 m kom tsis txhob muaj kab mob los ntawm lawv. Yuav kom paub tseeb tias tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo sab hauv, lub dav hlau cav hniav yuav tsum tau sim hauv txoj hauv kev uas tsis ua rau lawv puas tsuaj, xws li CT scanning. Qhov porosity yuav tsum tsawg dua 0.1%.
Dynamic load ib puag ncig: Cov khoom xws li iav, ncej, thiab lwm yam hauv tsheb yuav tsum muaj peev xwm tswj tau qhov kev ntxhov siab hloov. Residual stress concentration tuaj yeem txiav lub neej qaug zog ntawm qhov tsis kho 3D luam tawm los ntawm ntau dua 50%.
Yuav kom corrosion-resistant, marine engineering qhov chaw yuav tsum xeem dhau cov tshuaj tsuag ntsev (xws li ASTM B117 tus qauv). Cov kev kho deg zoo li anodising thiab electroplating tuaj yeem muab cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv uas ua rau qhov chaw ntau tshaj kaum npaug tiv thaiv corrosion.
Tab sis tsis yog txhua qhov xwm txheej xav tau ntau qhov kev tshaj tawm - ua tiav. Piv txwv li,

Theem ntawm kev txheeb xyuas tus qauv: txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho lub voj voog, kev ua haujlwm zoo yuav ua rau tsis muaj - cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas siv rau kev sim ua haujlwm. Los ntawm kev tsim cov qauv plhaub sai sai, lub tuam txhab siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob txiav lub sijhawm nws siv los hloov cov qauv tsim los ntawm 6 lub lis piam mus rau 2 lub lis piam.
Cov khoom uas ua rau sab hauv: Yog hais tias embedded ntsiab los yog qhov chaw uas tsis kov ib leeg tsis cuam tshuam tag nrho cov kev ua tau zoo, tus thawj nto yuav khaws cia. Cov roj pipeline bracket ntawm ib lub dav hlau cav tau txhim kho kom tsuas yog 40% ntawm thaj chaw yuav tsum tau ua dua.
Cov txheej txheem rau cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb: Vim lawv homogeneous microstructure, 3D luam tawm qhov chaw ua los ntawm qee cov khoom siv tshiab, suav nrog cov khoom siv siab entropy, tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov qauv kev ua tau zoo. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias CoCrFeNi alloy cov khoom sib xyaw nrog cov kev sib xyaw tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem ua tiav cov txheej txheem hnav tsis muaj kev kho cua sov tom qab- luam ntawv.
3, Tus nqi thiab kev ua tau zoo: "Kev lag luam ciam teb" ntawm kev ua haujlwm tom qab
Thaum xaiv cov ncej- ua tiav, koj yuav tsum nrhiav qhov sib npaug ntawm kev ua tau zoo dua thiab cov nqi siab dua. Piv txwv li, cia saib ib qhov project rau ib feem ntawm lub dav hlau tus qauv:

Tus nqi ntawm kev luam ntawv ncaj qha: Nws yuav siv sij hawm 120 teev los luam cov khoom, thiab cov khoom siv thiab hmoov raug nqi kwv yees li 80000 yuan.
Tus nqi ntawm kev tshaj tawm - ua haujlwm yog 20,000 yuan rau kev kho cua sov, 30,000 yuan rau CNC precision machining, thiab 10,000 yuan rau kev sim, rau tag nrho ntawm 60,000 yuan.
Cov txiaj ntsig zoo: Post- kev ua tiav tau nce tus nqi tsim nyog ntawm qhov chaw los ntawm 65% mus rau 92%, txo cov nqi tsev los ntawm 123,000 yuan rau 109,000 yuan, thiab ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau airworthiness ntawv pov thawj.
Hauv kev lag luam, "kev lag luam ciam teb" ntawm kev tshaj tawm- ua haujlwm nyob ntawm cov khoom hauv qab no:

Ib feem complexity: Cov txheej txheem nyuaj, qhov nyuaj thiab kim dua nws yog ua. Piv txwv li, txhawm rau tshem tawm kev txhawb nqa los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob nrog cov dej ntws sab hauv, nws raug nqi ntau dua 50,000 yuan txhua daim los txiav los ntawm cov xaim nrog hluav taws xob tawm.
Batch scale: thaum ua cov khoom hauv cov khoom me me, tus nqi ntawm kev tshaj tawm - ua haujlwm tau nthuav tawm ntau heev; thaum ua cov khoom ntawm qhov loj, cov txheej txheem optimization tuaj yeem txo tus nqi ntawm ib chav. Qee lub tuam txhab tsheb tau txo tus nqi ntawm ib yam khoom los ntawm 150 yuan mus rau 80 yuan los ntawm kev siv cov ntawv tshaj tawm - cov txheej txheem ua.
Kev ua tau zoo redundancy: Yog tias tus qauv tsim cia rau qee qhov kev hloov pauv hauv kev ua haujlwm, nws tuaj yeem txo qis ntawm cov kauj ruam uas xav tau tom qab ua tiav. Piv txwv li, ib qho cuab yeej fixture txiav lub sij hawm xa khoom los ntawm 40% los ntawm kev hloov qhov kam rau ua thiab tshem tawm cov kauj ruam kho cua sov.