Yuav ua li cas kuaj lub zog ntawm hlau 3D luam ntawv pwm?

Ib, Txoj kev tseem ceeb rau kev kuaj lub zog
Kev ntsuas lub zog ntawm cov hlau 3D luam ntawv pwm yuav tsum suav nrog peb qhov loj: cov khoom siv, microstructure, thiab kev tswj tsis raug, tsim kom muaj ntau- theem thiab ntau- qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas.
1. Kev ntsuam xyuas qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev siv tshuab: Qhov ntsuas ntawm lub zog ntau
Tensile test: Siv cov cuab yeej ntsuas thoob ntiaj teb los tso cov axial tensile load ntawm cov khoom pwm. Qhov no yuav qhia koj nws lub zog tensile (UTS), lub zog tawm los (YS), thiab elongation ntawm tawg (EL). Piv txwv li, titanium alloy pwm yuav tsum ua kom tiav ASTM E8 tus qauv, thiab lawv UTS yuav tsum nyob nruab nrab ntawm 800 thiab 1000 MPa, thaum lawv YS yuav tsum tsawg kawg yog 700 MPa.
Compression test: Xyuas seb cov pwm ruaj khov npaum li cas thaum nws raug compressed. Qhov kev sim no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txhawb nqa cov qauv lossis cov khoom siv nrog cov phab ntsa tuab. Piv txwv li, tus qauv GB / T 7314 yuav tsum tau siv los xyuas lub zog compressive ntawm aluminium alloy pwm kom paub tseeb tias lawv tsis khoov thaum lawv tsim nyob rau hauv siab.
Peb -point lossis plaub-point dabtsi yog khoov yog ua kom pom tias cov pwm nruj npaum li cas thaum nws khoov thiab muaj zog npaum li cas ntawm cov txheej txheem. Kev ntsuas lub zog dabtsi yog khoov ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj hlau pwm raws li ISO 14125 yog ib txoj hauv kev ua kom cov txheej txheem tev tawm ntawm kev ua tsis tiav.
Impact test: Siv lub pendulum impact testing machine to mimic dynamic loads and find out how resistant the pwm is (piv txwv li, Charpy V-notch impact energy). Piv txwv li, cov pwm rau aviation cav hniav yuav tsum ua tau raws li ASTM E23 tus qauv kom paub tseeb tias nws tsis tawg yooj yim thaum siv rau cov xwm txheej hnyav.
Kev sim qaug zog: Siv lub tshuab ntsuas kev qaug zog siab - zaus simulate lub voj voog loads thiab xyuas seb lub pwm yuav kav ntev npaum li cas ua ntej nws nkees. Automotive pwm, piv txwv li, yuav tsum ua kom tiav ISO 12107 tus qauv thiab muaj kev qaug zog tsawg kawg yog 300 MPa txhawm rau tswj cov kev ntxhov siab ntev ntev - lub sij hawm siab - siab stamping.
2. Microstructure tsom xam: nrhiav seb dab tsi ua rau lub zog ua tau
Siv lub tshuab ntsuas metallographic (OM) txhawm rau saib cov pwm ntawm cov nplej loj, theem muaj pes tsawg leeg, thiab kev sib txuas sib txuas. Piv txwv li, pwm ua nrog SLM (Xaiv Laser Melting) feem ntau muaj cov khoom siv microscopic equiaxed, uas ua rau lawv muaj zog tshaj li 30% ntawm cov qauv castings.
Scanning electron microscope (SEM): Saib seb cov kab nrib pleb pib thiab kis tau li cas, thiab nrhiav qhov tsis zoo xws li tsis muaj fusion thiab porosity. Piv txwv li, SEM yuav tsum tau kuaj EBM (electron beam melting) pwm kom paub tseeb tias lawv tsis ntxeem tau (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.5%) thiab kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab.
Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD): Ntsuas qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv siv lead ua (KAM tus nqi) thiab kuaj seb cov khoom puas tuaj yeem deform hauv zos. Piv txwv li, cov chaw uas muaj KAM qhov tseem ceeb yuav tsim cov kab nrib pleb, thiab kev kho cua sov yog xav tau los txhim kho cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov nplej.
3. Nrhiav qhov tsis xws luag: tshem tawm cov kev pheej hmoo zais zais
CT scanning rau kev lag luam: Kev ntsuam xyuas qhov tsis zoo hauv cov pwm uas tsis ua rau lawv puas tsuaj, xws li lub qhov hws, fissures, thiab qhov chaw uas cov pwm tsis tau fused tag nrho. Piv txwv li, aviation pwm yuav tsum ua tau raws li ISO 17637 tus qauv kom paub tseeb tias qhov tsis xws luag tsis loj dua 0.1 hli thiab qhov qaug zog tawg tsis kis.
Kev kuaj ultrasonic (UT) pom qhov ua txhaum ntawm qhov tob hauv, thiab nws ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov pwm nrog cov phab ntsa tuab. Piv txwv li, lub tsheb vaj huam sib luag pwm yuav tsum ua tau raws li ASTM E233 tus qauv txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau pom qhov tsis zoo ntawm sab hauv uas yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus 50 hli.
X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF): Ceev nrooj xyuas cov pwm cov tshuaj pleev kom paub tseeb tias cov ntsiab lus yog qhov nws yuav tsum yog. Nickel-raws li cov pwm pwm, piv txwv li, yuav tsum ua tau raws li ISO 3497 tus qauv txhawm rau ua kom muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb xws li Cr thiab Mo hauv qab 0.5%.
2, Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev xeem cov qauv rau kev siv thoob ntiaj teb thiab hauv tsev
Hlau 3D luam ntawv pwm yuav tsum raug kuaj kom muaj zog raws li nruj nruj thoob ntiaj teb thiab cov qauv hauv tsev kom paub tseeb tias cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem sib piv thiab cov kev cai ua raws.
1. Cov qauv los ntawm thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb
ISO / ASTM 52900: Tsim cov ntsiab lus thiab kev faib tawm rau 3D tshuab luam ntawv cov ntsiab lus, muab lub hauv paus rau kev ntsuas lub zog.
TS EN ISO 23499 Cov qauv tsim rau qhov tseeb qhov tseeb thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hlau 3D luam tawm. Qhov no muaj qhov cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev kuaj lub zog.
ASTM E8 / E23 / E466: Cov no yog cov qauv tseem ceeb rau kev kuaj pwm. Lawv qhia koj yuav ua li cas ua qhov tensile, cuam tshuam, thiab qaug zog.
2. Cov qauv rau lub tsev
GB / T 39251: Ua kom pom tseeb cov cai rau kev npaj thiab siv cov qauv rau tensile, compressive, dabtsi yog khoov, thiab lwm yam kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm 3D luam ntawv hlau.
GB / T 39651: nteg tawm cov kauj ruam rau kev tshuaj xyuas thiab tshuaj xyuas cov khoom siv hlau ntxiv, suav nrog yuav ua li cas cais cov teeb meem thiab teeb tsa kev lees paub.
QB / T 5696: Tus qauv no hais txog qhov zoo ntawm cov hlau 3D luam ntawv cov ntaub ntawv thiab teeb tsa cov kev cai tshwj xeeb rau tej yam xws li qhov loj thiab ntws ntawm cov hmoov hmoov, uas cuam tshuam rau lub zog ntawm pwm hauv txoj kev tsis ncaj.
3, Cov teeb meem tseem ceeb thiab yuav kho li cas
Ua kom hlau 3D luam ntawv pwm muaj zog, peb yuav tsum nrhiav txoj hauv kev los daws cov teeb meem xws li anisotropy, residual stress, thiab nto zoo. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev siv tshuab tshiab thiab cov txheej txheem zoo dua.
1. Tswj anisotropy
Lub zog ntawm 3D luam tawm pwm hloov raws li kev luam ntawv (longitudinal, transverse, oblique). Piv txwv li, lub zog longitudinal ntawm SLM tsim pwm tuaj yeem yog 20% ​​siab dua lub zog transverse.
Kev daws: Txhim kho txoj kev koj luam theej duab: Siv lub checkerboard lossis kauv scanning txoj hauv kev los ua kom cov kev hloov pauv hauv thermal stress hla cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg tsawg dua.
Ncej - kev ua kom muaj zog: Kub isostatic nias (HIP) tshem tawm qhov hws, tsa cov pwm qhov ceev mus rau ntau dua 99.9%.
Ntau- kev ntsuas kev taw qhia: Cov qauv raug coj mus rau peb qhov sib txawv -longitudinal, transverse, thiab oblique- kom paub tseeb tias qhov tsawg kawg nkaus lub zog yog raws li tus qauv tsim.
2. Tswj cov teeb meem kev ntxhov siab seem: Thaum 3D luam ntawv txias sai heev, nws tuaj yeem tsim cov kev ntxhov siab seem, uas tuaj yeem ua rau pwm khoov lossis tawg.
Kev daws: Kev ntxhov siab rau kev ntxhov siab: Khaws nws ntawm 500-600℃rau 2 mus rau 4 teev kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab sab hauv.
Laser shock peening siv siab - lub zog laser beams los hloov cov duab ntawm qhov chaw, ntxiv compressive residual stress, thiab ua rau cov khoom muaj sia nyob ntev.
Kev saib xyuas online: Siv cov tsim- hauv fiber ntau optic sensors kom saib xyuas kev ntxhov siab hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag thiab hloov chaw luam ntawv raws li xav tau.
3. Cov teeb meem saum npoo zoo dua: Qhov saum npoo roughness (Ra) ntawm 3D luam tawm pwm feem ntau yog 10-20 μm, uas ua rau lawv yooj yim tawg.
Teb:
Mechanical polishing: Lub tshuab CNC polishing tuaj yeem txo Ra kom tsawg dua 0.8 μm, uas ua rau lub ntsej muag muaj zog.
Tshuaj polishing: siv cov kua qaub ntxuav los yog electrolytic polishing kom tshem tawm ntawm qhov chaw me me thiab ua rau saum npoo tiv taus corrosion.
Kev txhaj tshuaj peening: Cov txheej txheem no ntxiv ib txheej ntawm qhov seem ntawm qhov kev ntxhov siab rau saum npoo los ntawm kev ntaus nws nrog siab - projectiles ceev. Qhov no ua rau nws tiv taus kev qaug zog.
4, Case Study thiab Kev Lag Luam Kev Lag Luam
Case 1: Pwm rau cov hniav ntawm lub cav dav hlau
Nickel-raws li siab- kub alloy (Inconel 718) yog cov khoom siv.
Ua kom pom tseeb ntawm qhov kev xeem:
Lub zog kub siab: GB / T 4338 tus qauv hais tias lub zog tensile yuav tsum tau kuaj ntawm 650℃kom paub tseeb tias nws yog tsawg kawg yog 800 MPa.
Kev ua haujlwm thermal qaug zog: Siv ISO 12111 los ntsuas tus nqi ntawm kev tawg tawg thaum lub cav pib- nres cycles.
Microstructure: Siv EBSD los saib qhov kev faib tawm ntawm 'theem thiab xyuas kom meej tias qhov loj ntawm lub zog ntawm theem yog tsawg dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 50 nm. Qhov no yuav ua rau cov khoom ruaj khov ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Cov pwm siv sijhawm ntev li peb zaug ntau dua li cov qauv castings, uas yog qhov xav tau rau cov tshuab dav hlau khiav rau 100,000 teev.
Case 2: Pwm rau lub tsheb npog
Khoom siv: Hlau nrog lub zog siab (H13)
Yuav kuaj li cas:
Hnav tsis kam: ASTM G65 tus qauv ntsuas qhov hnav kom muaj nuj nqis kom paub tseeb tias nws tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.1 g / 1000 kev sib hloov.
Impact resistance: Lub Charpy cuam tshuam lub zog yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 30 J, raws li ISO 148 tus qauv.
Dimensional raug: Siv CMM kuaj kom paub tseeb tias cov pwm saum npoo tsis raug tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.05 hli.
Cov pwm kav ntev txog 500,000 lub voj voog stamping, uas yog 50% ntev dua li lwm cov pwm.