Puas muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv 3D luam ntawv raug ntawm cov khoom siv hlau sib txawv?

1. Cov khoom siv: cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg uas cuam tshuam rau qhov ua tau kom raug
Qhov tseeb ntawm 3D luam ntawv nrog cov ntaub ntawv hlau feem ntau yog vim muaj kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv thermodynamic tus cwj pwm thaum lub sij hawm melting thiab solidification txheej txheem thiab cov txheej txheem tswj. Cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov khoom ntawm plaub yam khoom siv hauv qab no ncaj qha cuam tshuam qhov tseeb ntawm lawv cov ntawv luam tawm:
Alloy ntawm titanium (xws li TC4 / Ti-6Al-4V)
Titanium alloys muaj zog, lub teeb, thiab tiv taus xeb, txawm li cas los xij lawv tsuas yog luam tawm kom raug vim yog ob qho laj thawj tseem ceeb:
High thermal shrinkage tus nqi: TC4 muaj ib tug linear expansion coefficient ntawm 8.6 × 10 ⁻⁶ / degree, uas txhais tau hais tias nws yuav ua tau yooj yim ua rau residual kev nyuaj siab thaum nws txias sai heev, uas yuav ua rau ib feem ntawm warp thiab hloov cov duab. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj tsis siv kub isostatic nias (HIP) tom qab luam ntawv pwm rau lub cav cav hniav, qhov ntev tuaj yeem tawm los ntawm ntau npaum li ± 0.3mm. Tom qab HIP ua, qhov ntev tuaj yeem tawm los ntawm tsawg li ± 0.05mm.
Tsawg tus nqi laser nqus: Titanium alloy tuaj yeem cuam tshuam txog li 60% ntawm lub teeb laser, yog li nws xav tau lub zog siab ceev (feem ntau> 100W / mm²) kom yaj sib npaug. Txawm li cas los xij, lub zog ntau dhau tuaj yeem tsim txaws thiab hloov qhov roughness ntawm qhov chaw. Koj tuaj yeem txo qhov roughness ntawm Ra25 μ m rau Ra10 μ m los ntawm kev hloov cov txheej txheem scanning (xws li siv checkerboard scanning).
316L stainless hlau yog ib qho piv txwv.
Stainless hlau muaj lub qhov rais txheej txheem loj thiab tsis rhiab heev rau cov tawg kub, uas ua rau nws zoo dua rau kev luam ntawv:
Lub pas dej ua ke ruaj khov: 316L melts ntawm 1375 degree, thiab lub pas dej khov khov khov tuaj yeem ua nrog lub zog laser ntawm 50 txog 200W thiab qhov tseeb qhov tseeb ntawm ± 0.05mm. Ib lub tuam txhab ua cov cuab yeej siv kho mob tau siv SLM thev naus laus zis los luam cov pob txha daim hlau nrog aperture kam rau ua ntawm ± 0.02mm, uas ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muab tso ua ke orthopedic implants.
Uniformity hauv lub koom haum: 316L's austenitic xwm ua rau nws tsis tshua muaj kev sib cais thaum lub sij hawm luam ntawv. Thaum siv cov khoom siv kho mob (cov rwb thaiv tsev ntawm 1050℃rau 1 teev thiab dej quenching), interlayer bonding faults tuaj yeem kho, uas ua rau lub neej qaug zog los ntawm 30%.
Aluminium alloy, xws li AlSi10Mg
Qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws nrog kev luam ntawv aluminium alloy yog tias nws muaj cov thermal conductivity siab thiab nws nquag tawg thaum nws kub.
Cracks tsim thaum ib yam dab tsi txias sai: AlSi10Mg muaj cov thermal conductivity ntawm 150W / (m · K), thiab lub pas dej yaj tuaj yeem txias ntawm tus nqi ntawm 10 ⁶℃/ s, uas ua rau nws yooj yim rau cov pob txha kub los tsim ntawm cov ciam teb. Ntxiv 0.5% Sc keeb tuaj yeem ua rau cov nplej me dua 1 μm, uas txo qis qhov tawg ntawm 15% mus rau 0.5%.
Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm oxide zaj duab xis: Cov txhuas saum npoo zoo li yuav ua rau cov yeeb yaj kiab oxide tuab (Al ₂ O3), uas ua rau cov hmoov tsis ntws zoo thiab txhais tau tias kev luam ntawv yuav tsum tau ua nrog lub tshuab nqus tsev inert gas tiv thaiv. Tom qab txhim kho cov pa roj, qhov roughness ntawm lub zog tshiab lub tsheb roj teeb pob bracket mus ntawm Ra50 μm mus rau Ra15 μm.
Nickel{0}}raws li siab- kub alloys, xws li Inconel 718
Qhov kev sib tw ntawm siab -kub alloys yog tswj cov microstructure ntawm qhov kub siab heev:
Columnar siv lead ua kev loj hlob zoo li: Thaum lub sij hawm luam ntawv, Inconel 718 nyhav los tsim cov kab nrib pleb uas tsim los ntawm kev tsim kho. Qhov no ua rau cov khoom anisotropic. Hloov qhov nrawm nrawm (600-1000 mm / s) thiab txheej tuab (30-50 μm) yuav ua rau cov nplej loj mus ntawm 500 μm mus rau 100 μm, uas ua rau lub zog tensile nce mus txog 15%.
rhiab heev rau microcracks: The 'theem (Ni ∝ (Al, Ti))) yuav tsim cov khoom tsis sib xws thaum nws txias sai, uas tuaj yeem ua rau microcracks. Ntau tshaj 90% ntawm microcracks yuav raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev siv cov kev kho cua sov (720℃rwb thaiv tsev rau 8 teev, ua raws li cua txias thiab 620℃rwb thaiv tsev rau 8 teev).
2. Adaptability ntawm tus txheej txheem: Xaiv ib txoj hauv kev rau kev ua kom tiav
Lub precision ntawm hlau 3D luam ntawv nyob ntawm ob qho tib si cov khoom thiab cov txheej txheem zoo li cas sib tw. Plaub cov txheej txheem hauv qab no muaj ntau theem ntawm qhov tseeb:
Laser Selective Melting (SLM) Cov txiaj ntsig Precision: Lub laser qhov chaw txoj kab uas hla ntawm SLM tuaj yeem ua me me li 50 μm, txheej txheej thickness tuaj yeem nyob nruab nrab ntawm 20 thiab 60 μm, qhov ntev precision tuaj yeem siab li ± 0.05 hli, thiab qhov roughness Ra tuaj yeem qis li 10 μm. Lub tuam txhab aviation siv SLM los luam turbine hniav, ua kom cov hniav profile kam rau ua nyob rau hauv ± 0.03mm, uas yog dab tsi aviation cav yuav tsum tau muab tso ua ke.
Kev txwv cov khoom siv: Ua kom cov ntaub ntawv muaj kev cuam tshuam siab (xws li tooj liab) nqus ntau dua, koj yuav tsum siv lub laser ntsuab (532nm) lossis xiav laser (450nm). Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv nce mus txog 30% mus rau 50%.
Electron Beam Melting (EBM) Accuracy features: EBM works in a vacuum with a lot of energy density in the electron beam (up to 10 ⁴ W/mm ²), which makes it good for printing materials with high melting points, including titanium alloys. Ib lub chaw tsim tshuaj orthopedic cog tau siv EBM los luam cov khob sib koom ua ke. Qhov saum npoo roughness yog Ra tsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 8 μm, tsis muaj oxide txheej, thiab cov khob tau ntau dua biocompatible dua li cov txheej txheem ib txwm ua.
Thermal stress control: EBM tuaj yeem ua kom sov qhov chaw mus rau 700 degrees Celsius, uas tuaj yeem txo qhov kev ntxhov siab thiab kev sib tsoo los ntawm 80%.
Directed Energy Deposition (DED) muaj ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 0.8 mus rau 2 hli, txheej thickness ntawm 0.5 mus rau 2 hli, qhov ntev precision ntawm ± 0.5 hli, thiab ib tug nto roughness ntawm Ra20 mus rau 100 μ m. Ib lub tuam txhab aviation cav siv DED los kho lub turbine disk. Cov txheej txheem kho thiab cov substrate yog sib koom ua ke nrog lub zog hlau ntawm 400MPa, uas ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua.
Qhov zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo: DED muaj cov sedimentation ntawm 200 cm³ / h, uas yog ntau tshaj 10 npaug ntawm SLM. Qhov no ua rau nws zoo rau kho lossis preforming loj loj.
Spray Adhesive (BJ)
Muaj peev xwm rau qhov tseeb: BJ muaj qhov tseeb qhov tseeb ntawm ± 0.1mm thiab qhov roughness ntawm Ra20-60 μm. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau degreased (400-600 degree) thiab sintered (1200-1300 degree) tom qab kev kho mob, uas ua rau nws txo qis los ntawm 15% mus rau 20%. Ib lub tuam txhab tsheb ntiav ua haujlwm BJ luam ntawv pwm, thiab tom qab lawv tiav lawm, qhov loj nyob ruaj khov nyob rau hauv ± 0.05mm, uas yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tsim khoom loj.
Tus nqi kom zoo dua: BJ's ib thooj nqi 60% mus rau 70% tsawg dua SLM, uas ua rau nws zoo rau cov xwm txheej uas qhov nruab nrab precision thiab loj scale xav tau.
3. Ib qho piv txwv: kev siv ua pov thawj ntawm qhov tseeb tsis sib xws
Titanium alloy hniav rau aircraft tshuab luam ntawv siv SLM
Ib lub tuam txhab aviation ua haujlwm SLM thev naus laus zis los ua TC4 titanium alloy hniav. Los ntawm kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem scanning (xws li muab kauv scanning) thiab kev txhawb nqa cov qauv (xws li kev txhawb nqa lattice), cov hniav profile kam rau ua tau los ntawm ± 0.1 hli mus rau ± 0.03 hli, thiab cov nplaim roughness mus ntawm Ra25 μ m rau Ra8 μ m. Qhov no ua rau lub cav siv tau 2% ntau dua.
316L stainless hlau yog siv rau kev cog khoom siv kho mob. SLM luam ntawv
Ib lub tuam txhab orthopedic siv SLM los luam 316L stainless hlau pob txha daim hlau. Lub aperture kam rau ua tau teem rau ntawm ± 0.02 hli, thiab tom qab electrolytic polishing, nto roughness Ra < 0.8 μ m tau raws li ISO 13485 tus qauv kho mob, txiav lub sij hawm nws siv rau cov pob txha los ntawm 30%.
Lub roj teeb pob rau lub tsheb tshiab lub zog: AlSi10Mg Sau nrog SLM
Lub tuam txhab lub zog tshiab siv SLM luam ntawv roj teeb pob txhawm rau hloov cov nplej loj los ntawm kev ntxiv 0.5% Sc lub caij, uas txo qis qhov kub ntawm qhov tawg ntawm 15% mus rau 0.5%. Lub bracket lub zog nce los ntawm 25% thiab nws qhov hnyav poob los ntawm 30% thaum nws yog cua sov- kho nrog T6 (530℃solid solution + 170℃aging).