Hlau 3D luam ntawv cov khoom tawg yog lub hauv paus rau kev txhim kho
Hlau 3D luam ntawv cov ntaub ntawv yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho hlau 3D tshuab luam ntawv. Rau qee qhov, kev txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv txiav txim siab seb 3D luam ntawv tuaj yeem siv dav dua. Tam sim no, hlau 3D luam ntawv cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau suav nrog engineering plastics, photosensitive resins, cov ntaub ntawv roj hmab, cov ntaub ntawv hlau, thiab cov ntaub ntawv ceramic. teb tau thov. Cov ntaub ntawv raw siv hauv hlau 3D luam ntawv yog tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom siv 3D luam ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem, uas txawv ntawm cov yas zoo tib yam, gypsum, resins, thiab lwm yam, thiab lawv cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau yog hmoov, filamentous, lamellar, thiab kua. tos. Feem ntau, nyob ntawm seb cov khoom siv luam ntawv thiab kev ua haujlwm, qhov loj me ntawm cov hmoov hlau 3D luam ntawv cov ntaub ntawv siv li ntawm 1 mus rau 100 μm, thiab txhawm rau kom tswj tau cov dej zoo ntawm cov hmoov, cov hmoov feem ntau yuav tsum muaj cov khoom siv. high degree ntawm sphericity. .
Kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho thiab kev ua tiav ntawm hlau 3D luam ntawv cov ntaub ntawv yog lub hauv paus rau kev nce qib thiab kev siv hlau 3D luam ntawv thev naus laus zis, thiab tseem yog lub hauv paus lav rau kev txaus siab luam ntawv. Ib qho yog txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv thiab tsim kom tiav cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, hlau 3D luam ntawv cov ntaub ntawv tau tsim sai heev. Hauv xyoo 2013, cov khoom siv hlau luam ntawv tau nce 28 feem pua, thiab xyoo 2014 nws nce mus txog ntau dua 30 feem pua, suav txog li 12 feem pua ntawm cov hlau 3D luam ntawv. Cov khoom siv hlau feem ntau yog titanium, aluminium, steel thiab npib tsib xee. Titanium alloys, high-temperature alloys, stainless hlau, tuag steel, high-strength steel, alloy steel thiab aluminium alloys yuav siv tau raws li cov ntaub ntawv luam ntawv, thiab tau dav siv nyob rau hauv cov khoom tsim thiab kho thiab remanufacturing. Txawm li cas los xij, tam sim no tsis muaj hlau 3D luam ntawv cov khoom siv, thiab cov ntaub ntawv uas twb muaj lawm nyob deb ntawm kev ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov hlau 3D luam ntawv.
Cov ntaub ntawv siv rau laser stereoforming feem ntau yog hlau inert cov ntaub ntawv, thiab cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog sim lwm yam khoom siv hlau luam ntawv. Cov hmoov hlau ib txwm siv rau hauv cov hmoov metallurgy tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm 3D luam ntawv, thiab tam sim no muaj ob peb hom khoom siv hlau uas tuaj yeem siv rau kev luam ntawv, thiab tus nqi kuj tseem siab. Muaj ob peb lub tuam txhab txawv teb chaws tshwj xeeb hauv cov hmoov hlau rau 3D luam ntawv, xws li Sulzer Metco hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab Sandvik hauv Sweden, tab sis lawv tsuas tuaj yeem muab ob peb cov pa hlau hmoov. Kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev yog qhov qis dua, thiab cov hmoov luam ntawv yog kim heev. Vim tias cov khoom siv tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho lub voj voog ntev ntev thiab kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho yog qhov nyuaj dua li cov khoom siv, cov lag luam tsis kam ua cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob tawm ntawm kev txaus siab. Huanghe Cyclone Co., Ltd. yog ib qho ntawm ob peb lub lag luam hauv tsev koom nrog kev tsim cov pob zeb diamond micropowder thiab CBN micropowder. Kev tshawb fawb hauv tsev kawm ntawv kuj tseem mob siab rau cov cuab yeej luam ntawv 3D thiab software, yog li cov ntaub ntawv luam ntawv feem ntau txwv txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev siv hlau 3D tshuab luam ntawv.
Hlau hmoov
Cov hmoov hlau siv hauv 3D luam ntawv feem ntau xav tau siab purity, zoo sphericity, nqaim particle loj faib, thiab cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj oxygen. Tam sim no, cov ntaub ntawv hlau hmoov siv hauv 3D luam ntawv feem ntau suav nrog titanium alloys, cobalt-chromium alloys, stainless hlau thiab aluminium alloy cov ntaub ntawv, ntxiv rau kub, nyiaj thiab lwm yam khoom siv hlau hmoov zoo siv los luam cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub. 3D luam ntawv hlau hmoov, raws li qhov txuas tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv 3D luam ntawv kev lag luam saw hlau ntawm cov khoom hlau, kuj yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws.
Nyob rau ntawm "2013 Ntiaj Teb 3D Printing Technology Industry Conference", cov kws tshaj lij hauv lub ntiaj teb kev lag luam 3D luam ntawv tau muab cov ntsiab lus tseeb ntawm 3D luam ntawv hlau hmoov, uas yog hais txog cov pab pawg hlau uas nws loj dua 1 hli. Xws li cov hmoov hlau ib leeg, cov hmoov hlau alloy thiab qee qhov refractory compound hmoov nrog cov khoom siv hlau. Tam sim no, 3D luam ntawv hlau hmoov cov ntaub ntawv muaj xws li cobalt chromium alloy, stainless hlau, muaj hlau, bronze alloy, titanium alloy thiab npib tsib xee txhuas alloy, thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, ntxiv rau cov yas zoo, 3D luam ntawv hlau hmoov yuav tsum tau ua raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo. hmoov particle loj, nqaim particle loj faib, siab sphericity, zoo fluidity thiab siab bulk ntom.
Titanium Alloy 3D luam ntawv
Titanium alloy muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tsis kam, siab corrosion kuj, siab zog, tsawg ntom thiab biocompatibility, thiab tau dav siv nyob rau hauv aerospace, tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam, nuclear kev lag luam, khoom ua si thiab khoom kho mob thiab lwm yam kev lag luam. Titanium alloy qhov chaw npaj los ntawm ib txwm forging thiab casting txheej txheem tau dav siv nyob rau hauv high-tech teb. Tus nqi ntawm titanium siv hauv lub dav hlau Boeing 747 nce mus txog 42.7t. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tsim cov titanium alloy loj loj los ntawm cov txheej txheem forging thiab casting txheej txheem tau cuam tshuam nws daim ntawv thov dav vim qhov tsis zoo xws li cov khoom lag luam siab, cov txheej txheem nyuaj, cov khoom siv tsawg thiab kev ua haujlwm nyuaj. Hlau 3D luam ntawv thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem daws cov teeb meem no, yog li cov cuab yeej no tau dhau los ua cov thev naus laus zis tshiab rau kev tsim cov khoom siv titanium ncaj qha rau xyoo tas los no. Kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm titanium-raws li alloys yog cov kev taw qhia tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv thov kev tshawb fawb ntawm titanium alloy SLM. Vim tias qhov qis qis hardening Performance index ntawm titanium thiab titanium alloys (kwv yees li 0.15), kev tiv thaiv rau cov yas shear deformation thiab hnav tsis zoo, uas txwv tsis pub siv nws qhov chaw nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias thiab hnav tsis kam.
Stainless hlau 3D luam ntawv
Stainless hlau muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion, kub tsis kam thiab zoo mechanical zog. Vim nws cov hmoov zoo formability, cov txheej txheem kev npaj yooj yim thiab tus nqi qis, nws yog cov khoom siv ntxov tshaj plaws siv hauv 3D hlau luam ntawv. Piv txwv li, Huazhong University of Science thiab Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics thiab Astronautics, Northeastern University thiab lwm lub tsev kawm ntawv tau ua qhov kev tshawb fawb tob txog hlau 3D luam ntawv. Kev tshawb fawb tam sim no yog tsom rau kev txo cov porosity, nce lub zog, thiab spheroidizing mechanism ntawm hlau hmoov hauv cov txheej txheem melting. Li Ruidi et al. siv cov txheej txheem sib txawv los ua SLM tsim cov kev sim ntawm 304L stainless hlau hmoov, tau txais cov qauv qhia pom tseeb rau qhov ntom ntawm 304L stainless hlau, thiab sau cov txheej txheem kev loj hlob ntawm cov nplej.
3D luam ntawv ntawm superalloys
Superalloys xa mus rau chav kawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hlau raws li hlau, npib tsib xee, thiab cobalt uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau ntev ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 600 degree thiab nyob rau hauv qee qhov kev ntxhov siab. Nws muaj qhov kub thiab txias zog, zoo thermal corrosion thiab oxidation tsis kam, thiab zoo plasticity thiab toughness. Tam sim no, raws li hom alloy matrix, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb hom: hlau-raws li, nickel-based thiab cobalt-based alloys. High-temperature alloys yog siv nyob rau hauv high-kev ua tau zoo engine. Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub advanced aero-engines, tus nqi ntawm high-temperature alloy cov ntaub ntawv suav rau 40 feem pua rau 60 feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov loj ntawm lub cav. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm niaj hnub high-kev ua tau zoo aero-engines muaj ntau dua thiab siab dua cov kev xav tau ntawm kev pabcuam kub thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm superalloys. Cov txheej txheem ingot metallurgical ib txwm muaj qhov ua kom txias qeeb, kev sib cais hnyav ntawm qee cov ntsiab lus thiab theem thib ob hauv cov khoom siv, kev ua haujlwm kub tsis zoo, cov qauv tsis sib xws, thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis ruaj khov. Hlau 3D luam ntawv thev naus laus zis tau dhau los ua txoj hauv kev tshiab los daws cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv kev tsim cov superalloys. NASA tau thov tias nyob rau hauv qhov kub-kub ignition test ua rau lub yim hli ntuj 22, 2014, lub foob pob ua ntxaij cav nozzle tsim los ntawm hlau 3D tshuab luam ntawv ua ib tug 9t thrust.
Aluminium alloy 3D luam ntawv
Raws li lub teeb pom kev zoo tshaj plaws, aluminium alloy muaj qhov ua tau los hloov cov hlau thiab aluminium alloy hauv ntau daim ntawv thov vim nws lub zog tshwj xeeb thiab damping zog. Piv txwv li, lub teeb yuag daim ntawv thov ntawm txhuas alloys nyob rau hauv lub tsheb thiab aircraft Cheebtsam yuav txo tau roj noj thiab pa emissions. Aluminium alloy muaj nyob rau hauv-situ degradability, tsawg Young's modulus, lub zog ze rau tib neeg cov pob txha, biocompatibility zoo heev, thiab muaj ntau daim ntawv thov kev cia siab tshaj li ib txwm alloys nyob rau hauv phais implantation.
Txij li thaum muaj kev tshwm sim ntawm hlau 3D luam ntawv thev naus laus zis hauv xyoo 1990s, luam ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer tau maj mam tsom mus rau kev luam ntawv ntawm cov hmoov hlau, thiab ntau cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, cov cuab yeej tshiab thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshiab tau tsim thiab siv. Tam sim no, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis txuas ntxiv mus, thiab kev tsim khoom lag luam tau nkag mus rau theem tshiab ntawm kev txawj ntse thiab digitalization. Nyob rau hauv 2014, lub teb chaws Yelemees tau npaj "Industry 4.0" txoj kev loj hlob, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam kev hloov pauv thiab kev tsim kho tshiab hauv kev lag luam, thiab 3D luam ntawv thev naus laus zis yuav yog lub zog muaj zog rau kev txhim kho kev txawj ntse. Hlau hmoov 3D luam ntawv thev naus laus zis tau ua tiav qee qhov txiaj ntsig, tab sis cov khoom siv fwj yuav inevitably cuam tshuam rau kev nce qib ntawm 3D luam ntawv thev naus laus zis, thiab 3D luam ntawv thev naus laus zis tso siab dua rau cov khoom siv. Muaj ntau yam khoom siv hlau tsim nyog rau kev lag luam 3D luam ntawv, tab sis tsuas yog cov khoom siv hmoov tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm kev tsim khoom.
Kev txhim kho yav tom ntej ntawm 3D luam ntawv hlau cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau muaj peb yam:
Ib qho yog yuav ua li cas ntxiv dag zog rau kev tshawb fawb txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom raws li cov ntaub ntawv uas twb muaj lawm, ntxiv kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem tsis zoo raws li cov khoom siv, ua kom nrawm nrawm dua, txo cov porosity thiab oxygen cov ntsiab lus, thiab txhim kho qhov zoo;
Qhov thib ob yog tsim cov ntaub ntawv tshiab los ua kom haum rau cov hlau 3D luam ntawv, xws li kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv tshiab nrog corrosion kuj zoo heev, kub tsis kam thiab cov khoom siv txhua yam;
Qhov thib peb yog los kho thiab txhim kho cov txheej txheem txheej txheem ntawm 3D luam ntawv hlau hmoov cov ntaub ntawv kom paub txog kev tsim kho thiab normalization ntawm cov khoom siv hlau luam ntawv cov qauv.