Post{0}}kev ua haujlwm rau hlau 3D luam ntawv yog dab tsi? Vim li cas kev tshaj tawm - yuav tsum tau ua?

Ib, Dab tsi ncej- ua rau hlau 3D luam ntawv yog dab tsi thiab nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog dab tsi
Tshaj tawm -kev ua cov hlau 3D luam ntawv yog cov kauj ruam ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom luam tawm tom qab ua tiav cov khoom siv hlau ntxiv. Cov kauj ruam no suav nrog kev kho, ua kom zoo, thiab ua cov khoom kom tshem tawm cov khoom tsis zoo, txhim kho cov ntsuas kev ua tau zoo, thiab ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm qee yam kev siv. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm nws tuaj yeem suav nrog:

Kev txhim kho zoo: tshem tawm cov teeb meem xws li interlayer bonding flaws thiab ntxhib qhov chaw uas ua rau cov khoom tsis tshua muaj kev ntseeg siab.
Kev ua tau zoo: Kev kho cua sov, kev hloov kho saum npoo, thiab lwm yam kev kho mob tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom tseem ceeb xws li lub zog, hardness, thiab tiv thaiv corrosion.
Dimensional kho: Ua rau thermal deformation thiab shrinkage uas tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm luam ntawv kom paub tseeb tias cov khoom ua tau raws li tus qauv tsim kom haum.
Kev sib koom ua ke ua haujlwm: muab cov khoom sib txawv ntawm txhua qhov kev ua tau zoo los ntawm kev ntxiv dag zog rau lawv cov qauv lossis sib txuas cov khoom sib txawv.
Piv txwv li, hauv kev lag luam aerospace, hlau 3D luam ntawv yog siv los ua cov thav duab dav dav ntawm ib hom foob pob hluav taws cav roj tank. Tom qab ntawd, kev kho kub isostatic nias (HIP) yog siv los tshem tawm cov pores sab hauv. Tom qab ntawd, CNC milling yog siv los tsim cov sealing nto, thiab kev kho anodising yog siv los ua kom nws tiv taus corrosion. Cov txheej txheem no tom qab ua tiav ua rau cov khoom 30% muaj zog dua, 40% sib dua, thiab tuaj yeem muab khi rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav heev.

2, Cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb rau kev tshaj tawm - ua tiav
Muaj plaub lub tshuab thev naus laus zis hauv kev tshaj tawm - ua cov hlau 3D luam ntawv: tshem tawm cov khoom siv, kev kho cua sov, kev kho deg, thiab kev txhim kho cov qauv. Txhua qhov module yog ib feem ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem loj dua uas ua haujlwm rau ntau qhov xwm txheej.

1. Kev tshem tawm cov khoom: carving nrog qhov tseeb ntawm " ntxhib" mus rau "zoo"
Cov khoom siv hlau 3D luam tawm feem ntau siv tsis tau tam sim ntawd vim tias lawv muaj cov qauv kev txhawb nqa sab nrauv thiab qhov chaw ntxhib (Ra qhov tseem ceeb tuaj yeem siab li 10-20 μm). Cov txheej txheem tshem tawm cov khoom siv siv tshuab ua, laser txiav, lossis tshuaj lom neeg corrosion ua cov hauv qab no:

Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov qauv kev txhawb nqa, siv cryogen- pab tshem tawm lossis cov cuab yeej txiav tshuab kom paub tseeb tias qhov kev txhawb nqa raug tshem tawm tag nrho yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom luam tawm. Piv txwv li, ib daim ntawv luam ntawm lub tsheb log hub yog khov ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, uas ua rau cov qauv kev txhawb nqa tsis yooj yim thiab yooj yim rau tev tawm. Qhov no nce efficiency los ntawm 50%.
Kev ua tiav ntawm qhov chaw: CNC milling, sib tsoo, lossis polishing tuaj yeem ua rau qhov roughness tsawg dua Ra0.8 μ m. Ib tsib -axis linkage machining center tau siv los tsom iav polish qhov ntws channel nto tom qab luam ntawv cov hniav ntawm ib lub cav dav hlau. Qhov no txo ​​qis airflow tsis kam los ntawm 15%.
Kev kho qhov loj me: Siv cov cuab yeej ntsuas kev sib koom tes kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv tawm tswv yim thiab kho cov kev hloov pauv loj uas tshwm sim thaum luam ntawv los ntawm kev siv tshuab ua haujlwm. Micro milling thev naus laus zis ua kom qhov tseeb qhov tseeb ntawm cov khoom siv kho mob luam tawm hauv ± 0.01mm, uas yog qhov xav tau rau kev phais mob.
2. Kev kho cua sov: ib qho kev ua si- hloov pauv hauv kev tswj cov txheej txheem microstructure
Kev kho cua sov tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab uas tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm luam ntawv (txog 50% txog 70% ntawm cov khoom siv lub zog tawm los) thiab txhim kho cov khoom ntawm cov qauv nplej los ntawm kev tswj cov cua sov thiab cua txias. Qee txoj hauv kev yog:

Annealing kev kho mob: Thaum tshav kub kub rau hauv qab qhov kub ntawm qhov uas nws muaj peev xwm recrystallise thiab ua kom nws sov kom tshem tawm ntawm kev ntxhov siab nyob rau hauv thiab ua kom nws yooj yim dua. Nqus annealing kev kho mob txiav cov residual kev nyuaj siab los ntawm 80% thiab tripled lub qaug zog lub neej ntawm titanium alloy orthopedic cog tom qab nws tau luam tawm.
Kev daws teeb meem thiab kev laus kev kho mob: Rau cov ntaub ntawv xws li npib tsib xee-raws li- kub alloys, cov khoom siv tshuaj kho tau ua kom lub zog muaj zog, thiab tom qab ntawd kev laus kev kho mob ua rau cov nplua nuj precipitates rau daim ntawv, uas ua rau muaj zog heev - kub. Tom qab luam tawm cov turbine disc rau lub tshuab aviation, cov khoom siv tshuaj thiab kev laus kho tau txhim kho nws qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm 650℃los ntawm 40%.
Kub isostatic pressing (HIP) siv ob qho tib si kub (feem ntau 0.7-0.9 npaug ntawm qhov melting point ntawm cov khoom) thiab siab siab (100-200MPa) kom tshem tawm cov pores sab hauv thiab ua rau cov khoom denser. Tom qab luam tawm ib feem ntawm cov qauv satellite, HIP kev ua haujlwm tau nce qhov ceev ntawm 99.2% mus rau 99.95% thiab qaug zog txwv los ntawm 25%.
3. Surface Treatment: Los ntawm "Functionalisation" mus rau "Intelligentization" hauv Surface Engineering
Los ntawm kev hloov kho qhov chaw morphology lossis tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom, cov cuab yeej kho mob saum npoo ua rau lawv cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb suav nrog kev tiv thaiv corrosion, hnav, thiab biocompatibility. Qee yam technologies yog:

Sandblasting thiab polishing: Sandblasting siv ceev ceev- txav cov xuab zeb mus rau saum npoo, ua kom nws sib npaug (Ra3.2–6.3 μ m) thiab pab cov txheej txheej zoo dua. Polishing ces ua rau saum npoo txawm smoother, hauv qab Ra0.4 μ m, ua kom tiav optical lossis sealing xav tau.
Electroplating thiab tshuaj plating yog ob txoj hauv kev ntxiv cov txheej hlau lossis hlau rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom kom lawv tiv taus xeb lossis zoo dua ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob. Nickel plating kev kho mob txiav tus nqi corrosion los ntawm 90% nyob rau hauv ib tug 3.5% NaCl tov tom qab luam ntawv ib tug tshwj xeeb maritime engineering ib feem.
Laser cladding: Lub siab -lub zog laser beam melts alloy hmoov thiab tsim ib txheej uas yog 0.1-5mm tuab ntawm cov khoom. Qhov no ua rau nws deb dua resistant rau hnav. Laser cladding ntawm Stellite 6 alloy txheej boost lub hnav tsis kam ntawm lub zog ntawm ib qho khoom siv mining los ntawm tsib zaug tom qab lawv luam tawm.
Micro arc oxidation: Ib zaj duab xis ceramic oxide yog muab tso rau saum npoo ntawm txhuas thiab magnesium alloys kom lawv tiv taus hnav thiab corrosion. Micro arc oxidation kev kho mob tau nce lub sij hawm corrosion kuj mus rau ntau tshaj 1000 teev nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tsuag ntsev tom qab luam ntawv lub bracket rau lub zog tshiab lub tsheb roj teeb pob.
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Los ntawm kev ntxiv cov theem kev txhawb zog lossis txhim kho kev thauj mus los, cov cuab yeej siv cuab yeej cuab tam ua kom cov khoom ua haujlwm zoo dua txhua yam. Qee txoj hauv kev yog:

Fiber reinforcement: Muab cov pa roj carbon lossis ceramic fibers rau hauv cov hlau matrix los ua cov khoom siv sib xyaw. Tom qab luam ntawv, ib feem ntawm lub dav hlau tus qauv tau ua kom muaj zog los ntawm kev ntxiv cov pa roj carbon fibers luv luv, uas ua rau nws muaj zog dua 30% ntawm lub zog tshwj xeeb.
Tsim cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov gradients: Koj tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm cov khoom zoo los ntawm kev hloov cov hmoov sib tov lossis cov ntawv luam tawm. Cov ntawv luam tawm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob nuclear muaj cov qauv gradient ua los ntawm nickel-raws li alloy stainless hlau. Qhov no ua rau lawv tiv taus 40% ntau dua rau kev qaug zog hauv thermal-mechanical coupling ib puag ncig.
Tsim cov qauv lattice: Siv topology optimization los ua cov qauv lattice uas muaj ntau tshaj 50% sib dua tab sis tseem muaj zog. Tom qab luam tawm ib qho tshwj xeeb satellite bracket, nws yuav siv sij hawm ntawm tetrahedral lattice qauv, uas ua rau nws ob zaug li tawv thiab 60% sib dua.
3, Qhov xav tau rau kev tshaj tawm - ua tiav: dhia ntawm "kev ua tau zoo" mus rau "kev ntseeg siab ntawm engineering"
Qhov xav tau rau kev tshaj tawm - ua hauv hlau 3D luam ntawv tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim khoom siv technology thiab cov kev xav tau nruj ntawm cov ntawv thov engineering. Tshwj xeeb, nws qhov tsim nyog tau pom hauv cov hauv qab no:

1. Tshem tawm cov khoom tsis zoo thiab xyuas kom cov khoom ua haujlwm raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua.
Kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov cua kub ceev thiab cua txias, qhov pores uas tsim thaum cov hmoov tsis tag fuse, thiab tsis muaj zog interlayer bonding tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom tsis tshua muaj zog thiab feem ntau yuav tawg thoob plaws hauv cov txheej txheem luam ntawv hlau 3D. Piv txwv li, qhov qaug zog txwv ntawm nickel-raws li siab - qhov kub ntawm cov hlau luam tawm yam tsis muaj HIP kev kho mob yuav tsawg dua 50% ntawm cov khoom forged; Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab annealing kom tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab seem, lub neej qaug zog ntawm qhov forged tuaj yeem tshaj 80%.

2. Ua tau raws li cov hom phiaj kev ua tau zoo thiab nthuav dav ntau yam kev siv
Cov kev xav tau rau ib feem kev ua tau zoo sib txawv heev nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov. Hauv kev lag luam aerospace, cov khoom yuav tsum ua haujlwm zoo nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig uas muaj qhov kub thiab txias, kev kub siab, thiab kev vibrations siab. Hauv cov khoom siv kho mob, cov khoom yuav tsum tau biocompatible thiab tiv taus corrosion los ntawm lub cev kua. Kev lag luam automotive muaj kev txhawj xeeb ntau dua los ua cov khoom sib dua thiab pheej yig dua. Tshaj tawm- txheej txheem thev naus laus zis tso cai rau hlau 3D- cov khoom luam tawm los ua kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb no los ntawm kev ua kom zoo rau lawv cov hom phiaj. Piv txwv li, lub combustion chamber ntawm ib hom dav hlau cav tseem tuaj yeem ua suab nrov ntawm qhov kub ntawm 1200℃tom qab luam tawm, ua tsaug rau kev kho cua sov thiab txheej txheej. Tom qab luam tawm ib qho kev cai titanium alloy orthopedic cog, qhov roughness ntawm qhov chaw raug txo mus rau Ra0.2 μ m los ntawm cov kua qaub ntxuav polishing kho, uas zoo heev txhim kho cov adhesion ntawm cov pob txha hlwb.

3. Ua kom kev lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig thiab txhawb kev siv loj
Hlau 3D luam ntawv yog pheej yig dua rau kev ua cov txheej txheem nyuaj, tab sis cov nuj nqis ntawm cov khoom siv raw (xws li titanium alloy hmoov, uas raug nqi ntau pua yuan ib kilogramme), qhov nqi ntawm cov cuab yeej siv, thiab lub zog siv yog tseem siab heev. Tshaj tawm- txheej txheem thev naus laus zis txo qis tag nrho cov nqi ntawm lub neej los ntawm kev siv cov ntaub ntawv zoo dua (piv txwv li, rov qab tau ntau dua 80% ntawm cov hmoov), txo cov seem seem (piv txwv li, txo qhov tsis xws luag los ntawm kev tshawb pom hauv online thiab tiag- kho lub sijhawm), thiab txuas ntxiv lub neej ntawm qhov chaw (piv txwv li, ua cov khoom tiv thaiv corrosion los ntawm kev kho deg). Piv txwv li, ib lub tsheb log hub luam ntawv ntau lawm kab tau txiav lub sij hawm nws yuav siv sij hawm los tsim ib daim los ntawm 8 teev mus rau 2 teev los ntawm kev ntxiv ib tug automated ncej-processing system. Qhov no tau ua rau tag nrho cov nqi txuag ntawm 35%.