Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshaj tawm - ua rau hlau 3D luam ntawv yog dab tsi?

1. Tshem tawm cov khoom tsis zoo: ua kom cov khoom ua tiav cov txheej txheem zoo
Vim tias hlau 3D luam ntawv tsim cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, yuav muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov chaw thiab hauv cov khoom. Yog tias cov teeb meem no tsis kho, lawv yuav cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov khoom ua haujlwm li cas thiab lawv kav ntev npaum li cas.

Txhim kho qhov flaws
Cov ntawv luam tawm feem ntau muaj teeb meem ntawm lawv qhov chaw, xws li txheej txheej, burrs, thiab kev txhawb nqa seem. Piv txwv li, qhov roughness saum npoo ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm aluminium alloy qhov chaw tuaj yeem siab li Ra10-20 μm, uas yog ntau dua li Ra1.6 μm ntawm kev ua ib txwm ua. Txoj kev kho deg xws li sandblasting, polishing, thiab sib tsoo tuaj yeem ua rau saum npoo zoo dua. Piv txwv li, tom qab sandblasting, nto roughness ntawm ib tug tej yam aviation cav hniav mus los ntawm Ra15 μ m rau Ra3.2 μ m. Qhov no tau tshem tawm ntawm qhov chaw microcracks thiab nres kev qaug zog tawg ntawm qhov tshwm sim vim muaj kev ntxhov siab.
Tshem tawm ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm sab hauv
Thaum cov hlau yog 3D luam tawm, nws tuaj yeem muaj qhov tsis zoo xws li qhov hws thiab tawg yog tias cov hmoov tsis puv lossis cov roj tsis tawm sai txaus. Kub isostatic pressing (HIP) thev naus laus zis siv lub siab - kub thiab siab - qhov chaw siab (feem ntau 1000-1200℃thiab 100-200 MPa) los hloov cov ntaub ntawv, kaw qhov pores, thiab nce qhov ceev ntawm 98% mus rau ntau dua 99.9%. Tom qab qee lub tuam txhab kho mob siv HIP ua rau 3D luam titanium alloy hip ob leeg prostheses, lub neej qaug zog mus los ntawm 10 ⁶ zaug mus rau 10 ⁷ zaug, uas ua tau raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb.
2. Txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv: xyuas kom lawv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hnyav
Lub microstructure ntawm cov hlau 3D luam tawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom uas tau ua yav dhau los, thiab kev tshaj tawm - yuav tsum tau ua kom lawv ua haujlwm zoo tag nrho.

Relieving residual stress
Thaum hlau 3D luam ntawv kub thiab txias sai, nws tawm tom qab kev ntxhov siab. Residual stress tuaj yeem yog 50% mus rau 70% ntawm lub zog tawm los ntawm stainless hlau luam ntawv qhov chaw, uas tuaj yeem yooj yim ua rau lawv khoov lossis tawg. Tuav ib yam dab tsi ntawm 500-700℃rau 2-4 teev thiab tom qab ntawd cia nws txias maj mam yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov txheej txheem annealing uas tuaj yeem txo qis kev ntxhov siab ntau dua 80%. Ib lub tuam txhab uas ua rau cov khoom siv tsheb txhim kho lub neej ntawm nws 3D{12}} luam tawm pwm hlau los ntawm 50,000 zaug rau 200,000 zaug tom qab annealing nws. Lawv kuj txo qis deformation los ntawm 90%.
Kev tswj hwm ntawm lub koom haum
Cov qauv siv lead ua columnar ntawm cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm ua rau anisotropy, uas ua rau kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. quenching thiab tempering tuaj yeem ua rau cov nplej me me thiab tsim kom muaj cov qauv martensitic. Tom qab quenching (txias hauv dej ntawm 1050 degree) thiab tempering (txias hauv huab cua ntawm 650 degree), lub zog tensile ntawm 316L stainless hlau mus ntawm 680MPa rau 920MPa, thiab elongation mus ntawm 40% mus rau 25%. Txawm li cas los xij, isotropy tau txhim kho ntau yam, uas yog yam khoom siv hauv aerospace xav tau.
Txhim kho qhov chaw ua haujlwm
Cov khoom tuaj yeem ua kom tiv taus corrosion thiab hnav ntau dua los ntawm kev siv cov kev kho deg xws li electroplating, tshuaj plating, anodising, thiab lwm yam. Ib lub tuam txhab kev lag luam hauv hiav txwv siv cov tshuaj nickel phosphorus plating txheej txheem los kho 3D- luam ntawv stainless hlau li qub. Qhov no ua rau lawv tiv taus ntsev tsuag corrosion rau 2000 teev es tsis txhob siv 240 teev xwb, uas yog qhov xav tau rau kev sib sib zog nqus- dej hiav txwv.
3. Txhim kho qhov tseeb qhov tseeb: ua tau raws li cov qauv kev sib dhos meej
Qhov tseeb qhov tseeb ntawm cov hlau 3D luam ntawv feem ntau yog ± 0.1-0.5mm, uas ua rau nws nyuaj ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm siab -precision sib dhos. Tom qab ua tiav siv txoj hauv kev xws li machining thiab xaim txiav kom ua tau zoo kawg nkaus.

Sib piv cov txheej txheem ntawm qhov chaw
Rau qhov chaw uas yuav tsum tau ua kom haum nrog lwm qhov chaw, xws li qhov, ncej, thiab dav hlau, cov tswv yim zoo li milling thiab sib tsoo yuav tsum tau siv kom tau qhov tsim nyog qhov ntev. Qee lub tuam txhab aerospace ntiav tsib -axis linkage machining center kom ua tiav 3D- luam tawm titanium alloy brackets. Qhov no ua rau cov mating nto qhov ntev ntev ntawm ± 0.3mm thiab ± 0.02mm, ua kom cov brackets haum txig nrog lub cav.
Kho cov xov
Kev luam ntawv xov yuav muaj teeb meem nrog rau cov hniav uas ploj lawm thiab qhov yuam kev. Xov milling lossis dov tuaj yeem kho cov xov raug. Ib lub tuam txhab khoom siv kho mob siv xov dov tshuab ua haujlwm nrog 3D luam ntawv stainless hlau pob txha rau tes. Cov xov raug yog nyob rau ntawm 6g qib (ISO tus qauv), thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv thaum ua ke nrog cov pob txha daim hlau poob ntawm ± 15% mus rau ± 5%.
4. Ua raws li cov qauv kev lag luam: tau txais ntawv pov thawj
Hauv kev lag luam xws li kev kho mob thiab aviation, muaj cov qauv siab rau cov khoom zoo. Tshaj tawm - kev ua tiav yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv kev ua tiav cov qauv no.

chaw kho mob
FDA hais tias kev cog qoob loo yuav tsum muaj qhov roughness ntawm Ra <0.8 μ m thiab tsis tawm hauv qab ib qho kev phom sij. Ib lub tuam txhab ua haujlwm electrolytic polishing rau 3D luam ntawv cobalt chromium alloy sib koom tes prosthesis. Qhov no ua rau saum npoo tsis tshua muaj zog (Ra0.4 μ m) thiab tshem tawm cov nickel ions seem ntawm qhov chaw. Cov prostheses kuj dhau los kuaj biocompatibility.
kev lag luam aviation
NASA cov kev cai hais tias cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb yuav tsum nyob ntev li 10 npaug ntev dua li qub. Ib lub tuam txhab siv HIP + kev kho cua sov sib xyaw tshuab los ua 3D- luam tawm npib tsib xee- raws siab - kub alloy turbine disc. Lub disc tau kav ntev txog 1.2 × 10 ⁷ cycles thiab dhau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas airworthiness.
5. Txo cov nqi tag nrho: nrhiav qhov sib npaug ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab tus nqi
Ncej- kev ua tiav ntxiv cov kauj ruam ntxiv, tab sis thaum kawg, nws txo nqi los ntawm kev ua kom cov khoom ua haujlwm zoo dua thiab txo cov khoom seem.

Txiav tawm cov nqi ntawm kev rov ua dua tshiab
Tom qab siv 3D tshuab luam ntawv thiab kev kho cua sov, ib lub tuam txhab tshwj xeeb uas ua pwm rau cov tsheb tau tsa thawj zaug - lub sij hawm dhau ntawm pwm los ntawm 60% mus rau 95% thiab txiav tus nqi ntawm rework vim deformation thiab tawg los ntawm 70%.
Ntev lub neej ntawm kev pabcuam
Ib lub zog tshwj xeeb ua lag luam 3D luam ntawv stainless hlau twj siv lub cev siv cov tshuaj nitriding nto. Qhov no ua rau lawv peb zaug ntau dua tiv taus hnav, ncua kev txij nkawm los ntawm peb lub hlis mus rau kaum ob lub hlis, thiab txiav kev siv nyiaj txhua xyoo los ntawm 60%.