Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho mob saum npoo rau kev cog hniav?

1. Txhim kho biocompatibility thiab txo cov kev tsis lees paub.
Biocompatibility yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev cog qoob loo. Nws txhais tau hais tias cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tsis txhob tsim cov tshuaj phem xws li toxicity, rhiab heev, o, los yog thrombosis thaum lawv nkag mus rau hauv tib neeg cov ntaub so ntswg. Kev kho deg txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom cog nrog kev siv lub cev los yog tshuaj lom neeg. Qhov no ua rau lawv ntau dua biocompatible.
Los ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem xws li sandblasting, acid etching, thiab laser ua, micro- lossis nano{1}} nplai cov qauv ntxhib yog tsim rau ntawm qhov chaw cog qoob loo. Qhov no ua rau thaj tsam ntawm qhov chaw thiab cov ntaub so ntswg sib cuag, uas pab cov cell lo rau qhov cog thiab loj hlob. Piv txwv li, tom qab sandblasted thiab acid etched, qhov nto roughness (Sa tus nqi) ntawm kev cog hniav tuaj yeem khaws cia ntawm 1 thiab 2 μm, uas tuaj yeem ua kom lub zog ntawm cov pob txha thiab ua kom cov txheej txheem kho kom zoo.
Kev hloov kho tshuaj: Ntxiv cov pab pawg bioactive xws li hydroxyl thiab amino pawg rau ntawm qhov chaw cog, lossis ntxiv cov zaub mov uas pab cov pob txha loj hlob, xws li strontium thiab calcium, txhawm rau txhim kho cov tshuaj sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub so ntswg. Tom qab anodizing, tuab oxide zaj duab xis ua rau saum npoo ntawm titanium alloy. Electrochemical txoj kev yog siv los embed calcium thiab phosphorus ntsiab kom ua raws li cov pob txha ntuj thiab txhawb cov pob txha pob txha.
Biocoating thev naus laus zis: Bioceramics (xws li hydroxyapatite) lossis bioactive iav txheej yog muab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw cog khoom siv thev naus laus zis xws li tshuaj tsuag ntshav thiab electrochemical deposition. Cov txheej txheem no ncaj qha koom nrog cov txheej txheem uas ua rau cov pob txha ua haujlwm. Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias qhov osseointegration tus nqi ntawm hydroxyapatite-coated implants ntau tshaj li ntawm untreated implants ntau tshaj 40%.
2. Txhim khu kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab ntev kev pab cuam lub neej
Kev cog qoob loo kho mob yuav tsum ua kom ntev ntev rau tib neeg lub cev cov kua dej, uas tuaj yeem nkag tau yooj yim los ntawm cov kab mob corrosive xws li chloride ions thiab cov proteins. Qhov kev txhim kho corrosion no ua rau cov hlau ions sib cais thiab kev tshem tawm ntawm cov coatings, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov lus teb lossis cov khoom cog tsis ua haujlwm. Los ntawm kev tsim cov txheej tiv thaiv tuab, kev kho deg zoo heev ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm cov khoom cog.
Kev kho mob Passivation: Tom qab kho nrog nitric acid, chromium oxide passivation zaj duab xis ua rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj hlau. Cov yeeb yaj kiab no txwv cov hlau ions los ntawm kev nkag mus thiab txo qis tus nqi corrosion kom tsawg dua 0.001mm / xyoo, uas yog qhov xav tau rau kev cog qoob loo ntev -.
Micro arc oxidation technology: High -voltage electric teb yog siv los excite micro arc tawm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm titanium alloy. Qhov no ua rau cov yeeb yaj kiab ceramic oxide uas muaj titanium, oxygen, thiab phosphorus. Nws tuaj yeem nyuaj dua 1000HV, thiab nws yog peb zaug ntau dua hnav dua li cov anodic oxide films li niaj zaus. Nws ua haujlwm zoo rau cov xwm txheej uas hnyav hnyav, zoo li kev sib koom tes prosthesis.
Siv lub cev vapor deposition (PVD) los yog tshuaj vapor deposition (CVD) technology, nano scale TiN, TiAlN, thiab lwm yam nyuaj coatings yuav siv tau rau saum npoo ntawm cog nrog ib tug tuab ntawm tsuas yog 1-5 μm. Qhov no tuaj yeem txhim kho kev tiv thaiv corrosion los ntawm ntau dua 50%, txo qis kev sib txhuam coefficient, thiab txo qis ntawm cov khoom hnav uas tau ua.
3. Muab nws cov khoom siv tshuaj tua kab mob thiab txo txoj kev mob
Cov kab mob uas tshwm sim tom qab kev phais yog ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj tseem ceeb vim li cas kev cog hniav kho mob tsis ua tiav. Piv txwv li, kev kis kab mob hauv orthopedic, hlab plawv, thiab lwm yam kev cog qoob loo tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv 1% txog 5% ntawm cov neeg mob. Kev kho deg ua haujlwm zoo los tiv thaiv cov kab mob los ntawm kev lo rau ntawm qhov chaw thiab tsim biofilms los ntawm kev ua cov chaw uas tua cov kab mob lossis ntxiv cov tshuaj tua kab mob.
Ntog grafting ntawm pawg tshuaj tua kab mob: Cov kab mob tua kab mob xws li quaternary ammonium ntsev thiab fluorides ntxiv rau saum npoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag siv plasma kho lossis tshuaj grafting. Qhov no hloov cov qauv ntawm cov kab mob cell membrane thiab muaj ntev -cov tshuaj tua kab mob kav ntev. Piv txwv li, cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas muaj cov nyiaj tuaj yeem tua tau 99% ntawm Staphylococcus aureus thiab nyob twj ywm siv tau ntau tshaj 30 hnub.
Lub teeb- teb cov txheej txheem ntse: Qhov no suav nrog kev tso cov photosensitizers (xws li porphyrin compounds) rau ntawm qhov chaw cog qoob loo thiab siv lub teeb ntawm qee qhov wavelength los ua cov pa oxygen reactive (ROS) uas rhuav tshem cov kab mob tsis ua mob rau lub cev. Txoj kev no tau siv los tua kab mob ntawm cov khoom siv uas tuaj yeem kis tau yooj yim, xws li endoscopes thiab catheters.
Cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab cov tshuaj tso tawm ua haujlwm ua ke: Cov tshuaj tua kab mob xws li vancomycin thiab gentamicin tau ntxiv rau cov txheej txheem bioceramic los tswj cov txheej txheem sai npaum li cas, uas tso tawm cov tshuaj. Qhov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam tuaj yeem muaj ntau dua 1000 npaug ntawm qhov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj hauv cov ntshav, uas tso tseg cov kab mob tom qab phais.
4. Txhim kho lub peev xwm ntawm osseointegration thiab tus nqi ntawm kev kho mob zoo.
Rau orthopedic, kho hniav, thiab lwm yam kev cog qoob loo, lub peev xwm rau osseointegrate yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev kho mob. Kev kho deg ua kom cov txheej txheem ntawm pob txha sib koom ua ke los ntawm kev tswj cov duab, tshuaj pleev ib ce, thiab kev ua haujlwm lom neeg ntawm qhov chaw, uas pab cov pob txha pob txha, loj hlob, thiab hloov.
Muab ob npaug rau kua qaub etching technology: Los ntawm kev siv ob lub kua qaub (xws li HCl + H ₂ SO ₄ tov kua qaub thiab HNO 3 tov) nyob rau hauv ob - cov txheej txheem, ntau - theem pore qauv yog tsim nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cog. Cov qauv no muaj micrometer-theem roughness uas muab cov cuab yeej sib cuam tshuam thiab nanometer-theem pores uas ua rau muaj kev lom zem, ua rau kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov cog thiab cov pob txha muaj zog ntau dua 30%.
3D luam ntawv ntawm cov qauv ntxeem tau: Siv cov txheej txheem xaiv laser melting (SLM) los ua cov porous titanium alloy implants uas yog 60% mus rau 80% ntxeem tau thiab muaj pores uas yog 200 mus rau 500 μm dav. Qhov no simulates lub ntuj pob txha trabecular qauv, txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiab cov pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg, thiab ua tiav "kev kho mob lom." Cov pov thawj kho mob qhia tau hais tias lub sij hawm osseointegration ntawm cov txheej txheem porous implants yog 50% tsawg dua li cov qauv khoom.
Hloov cov bioactive molecules: Muab bioactive molecules zoo li cov pob txha morphogenetic protein (BMP) thiab collagen rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev cog hniav kom pib qhia txoj hauv kev uas pab cov pob txha sib txawv. Piv txwv li, cog cog uas tau hloov nrog BMP-2 tuaj yeem txiav lub sijhawm nws siv rau osseointegration los ntawm 3 lub hlis mus rau 6 lub lis piam thiab nce qhov kev vam meej ntawm kev cog qoob loo mus rau ntau dua 98%.