Puas yuav tshaj tawm -kev ua cov hlau 3D luam ntawv hloov qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom?

1. Kev kho cua sov: "kev ua haujlwm cav" rau kev tswj cov microstructure
Cov cua kub ceev thiab cua txias uas tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm hlau 3D luam ntawv txheej txheem tsim tsis yog - cov qauv sib npaug hauv cov khoom, xws li coarse columnar crystals thiab seem austenite. Cov no tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom tsis muaj zog, tsis muaj zog, thiab tsis muaj zog tiv taus. Los ntawm kev ua tib zoo tswj xyuas qhov kub thiab txias, tuav lub sijhawm, thiab qhov txias txias, kev kho cua sov tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm hauv cov hauv qab no:

Relief ntawm residual kev nyuaj siab
Thaum cov khoom shrinks unevenly thaum lub sij hawm luam ntawv, nws yuav ua rau residual stresses nyob rau hauv lub tivthaiv uas muaj txog li 50% mus rau 70% ntawm cov khoom yield zog. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau qhov khoov thiab tawg. Annealing txoj kev kho, uas suav nrog khaws cov khoom ntawm 500-700℃rau 2-4 teev thiab cia nws txias maj mam, tuaj yeem txo qis kev ntxhov siab ntau dua li 80%. Ib qho kev lag luam tsheb pwm siv cov kev kho mob annealing ntawm 3D luam ntawv pwm hlau, uas txhim kho pwm lub neej ntawm 50,000 mus rau 200,000 zaug thiab txiav qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm 90%.
Ua kom lub koom haum zoo sib xws thiab ua kom zoo dua cov nplej
Cov txheej txheem ntawm quenching thiab tempering tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov kab nrib pleb thiab ua kom cov qauv martensitic tsis sib xws. Tom qab quenching (txias hauv dej ntawm 1050 degree) thiab tempering (txias hauv huab cua ntawm 650 degree), lub zog tensile ntawm 316L stainless hlau tau nce los ntawm 680MPa mus rau 920MPa, thiab elongation poob los ntawm 40% mus rau 25%. Txawm li cas los xij, lub isotropy tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo dua, uas yog dab tsi aerospace structural yam xav tau.
Ua kom denser
Kub isostatic nias (HIP) tshuab siv qhov kub thiab txias (1000-1200 degree, 100-200 MPa) los hloov cov khoom siv thiab kaw lawv cov pores sab hauv. Kev lag luam khoom siv kho mob siv HIP ua rau 3D luam titanium alloy hip ob leeg prostheses. Qhov no ua rau qhov ntom ntom ntawm 98% mus rau ntau dua 99.9% thiab lub neej qaug zog mus ntawm 10 zaug mus rau 10 zaug, uas ua tau raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb.
2. Kev kho deg: dhia los ntawm "functional repair" mus rau "kev ua tau zoo"
Cov khoom siv 3D luam ntawv hauv cov hlau feem ntau muaj txheej txheej, burrs, thiab microcracks ntawm lawv qhov chaw. Cov no tsis tsuas yog ua rau lawv zoo li tsis zoo, tab sis lawv kuj ua rau lawv tsis tshua muaj corrosion thiab hnav. Los ntawm kev siv lub cev, tshuaj, lossis kev siv tshuab, kev kho saum npoo tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm hauv cov hauv qab no:

Txhim kho kev tiv thaiv corrosion
Anodizing, tshuaj plating, thiab electroplating tuaj yeem muab cov txheej tiv thaiv tuab ntawm cov khoom. Piv txwv li, anodising aluminium alloy ua rau 10-20 μm aluminium oxide zaj duab xis rau saum npoo. Qhov no ua rau cov hlau tiv taus ntau dua rau ntsev tsuag corrosion, mus los ntawm 240 teev mus rau 2000 teev, uas yog dab tsi marine engineering xav tau.
Zoo dua tsis kam hnav
Chemical hard chromium plating tuaj yeem muab cov chromium txheej rau ntawm qhov chaw uas muaj txog li 50 μ m tuab thiab muaj hardness ntawm HV1000 lossis siab dua. Ib qho kev lag luam hluav taws xob tau nce peb npaug ntawm qhov hnav tsis kam ntawm nws 3D- luam tawm stainless hlau twj tso kua mis lub cev thiab ua rau lub sijhawm txij li peb lub hlis mus rau kaum ob lub hlis tom qab siv cov cuab yeej no rau lawv.
Txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw
Koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm qhov ntxhib ntawm qhov chaw los ntawm sandblasting, polishing, lossis sib tsoo. Ib lub tuam txhab aerospace siv tsib -axis linkage machining center kom ua tiav 3D- luam ntawv titanium alloy brackets. Qhov no ua rau cov mating nto qhov ntev ntawm qhov ntev ntawm ± 0.3mm thiab ± 0.02mm thiab txo qis qhov roughness ntawm Ra10 μ m rau Ra0.8 μ m, uas yog qhov yuav tsum tau rau kev sib dhos precision.
3 Composite post-kev ua: ib kauj ruam loj rau kev ua tau zoo ua tsaug rau kev siv ntau yam thev naus laus zis ua ke
Ib qho kev tshaj tawm -kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis feem ntau tsis ua raws li cov kev xav tau nruj ntawm kev tsim khoom siab - kawg. Cov txheej txheem sib xyaw, ntawm qhov tod tes, ua haujlwm ob npaug los ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis.

HIP thiab kev kho cua sov
Ib lub tuam txhab aviation cav siv "HIP + kev daws teeb meem annealing" txheej txheem los ua 3D luam nickel{2}}raws li siab - kub alloy turbine discs. Cov txheej txheem no ua rau cov discs 99.95% ntom, ua rau lawv lub zog tensile rau 1200MPa, tshem tawm kev ntxhov siab, thiab txhim kho lawv qhov kev ruaj ntseg los ntawm 50%.
Txheej thiab hloov qhov chaw
Siv "laser cladding + ceramic txheej" thev naus laus zis, ib lub tuam txhab tsheb tshwj xeeb tau ua haujlwm ntawm 3D luam tawm aluminium alloy pistons. Qhov no tau ua rau saum npoo nyuaj (rau HV800) thiab txhim kho lub pistons 'muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias los ntawm 200 degree, uas yog lub tshuab xav tau.
Additive manufacturing thiab subtractive processing
Lub tuam txhab kho mob siv kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm "3D luam ntawv thiab CNC precision machining" los ua nws cov khoom. Ua ntej, 3D luam ntawv sai ua rau cov txheej txheem nyuaj. Tom qab ntawd, tsib -axis machining chaw ua tiav qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm Ra0.4 μ m, uas txo qis lub zog hloov pauv ntawm cov pob txha ntsia hlau thiab pob txha phaj ntawm ± 15% mus rau ± 5%.
4. Kev lag luam cov qauv thiab cov qauv: "kev ntsuas" ntawm qhov zoo tom qab ua tiav
Standardizing ncej-kev ua tau zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum tau ua kom paub tseeb tias hlau 3D tshuab luam ntawv ua haujlwm zoo. Peb lub teb chaws tus qauv uas tau pib siv rau lub Cuaj Hlis 2025, zoo li "Kev Ntsuas thiab Kev Ntsuas Cov Txheej Txheem rau Nto Cov Qauv ntawm Hlau Powder txaj Melting Forming Parts in Additive Manufacturing," teeb tsa cov lej tshwj xeeb rau cov yam tseem ceeb xws li qhov roughness thiab porosity. Qhov no tau thawb cov lag luam kom txav los ntawm "kev paub-tsav" mus rau "cov ntaub ntawv-tsav" ncej- kev tswj hwm. Piv txwv li, ib lub tuam txhab teeb tsa kev tshawb nrhiav hauv online kom pom qhov muag ntawm qhov roughness tom qab sandblasting, uas tau tsa cov khoom tsim nyog ntawm 85% mus rau 98%.