Tuam Tshoj tsim ntau lab tus neeg siv khoom-qib 3D tshuab luam ntawv txhua xyoo thiab muag lawv thoob plaws ntiaj teb, ib feem ntawm cov neeg siv khoom siv hauv lawv lub tsev lossis chaw ua haujlwm.Cov lus nug yog, kev nyab xeeb ntawm 3D luam ntawv yog li cas?
Thaum cov huab cua tau ntim nrog cov ntxhiab tsw zoo ntawm cov yas yaj, nws yog qhov tseeb ntawm lub sijhawm no uas cov tshuab luam ntawv 3D ua haujlwm hnyav. Tab sis tej zaum koj yuav tau pom cov xov xwm uas 3D luam ntawv yog tshuaj lom nyob rau hauv xov xwm xyoo tas los, thiab koj yuav tsum muaj kev txhawj xeeb: "Yuav ua li cas muaj teeb meem no gases emissions los ntawm 3D tshuab luam ntawv rau tib neeg lub cev? Yog hais tias koj muab lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D nyob rau hauv lub chav pw thiab cia Nws khiav thaum hmo ntuj, nws yuav ua rau tib neeg lub cev muaj kev phom sij rau lub cev puas yuav cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm yog tias lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm?
Cov gases no muaj li cas? Nws puas yuav ua rau mob qog noj ntshav?
Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias tag nrho cov tshuab luam ntawv 3D (cov kab lus no feem ntau txheeb xyuas FDM / FFF 3D tshuab luam ntawv, thiab lub teeb-kho thiab lwm yam thev naus laus zis yuav raug ua raws li theem tom ntej) yuav tsim tawm emissions thaum luam ntawv, qee yam tsis muaj teeb meem tab sis muaj ntxhiab tsw, uas. yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov khoom siv cua sov Ua tom qab, lwm tus yuav muaj kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab seb cov emissions no puas muaj kev nyab xeeb, ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov theem ntawm cov teeb meem me me (PM) thiab cov khoom tsis haum xeeb (VOCs) tawm los ntawm cov tshuab luam ntawv.
Inhalable Particulate Matter (PM): Feem ntau, cov khoom uas nqus tau los ntawm tib neeg yuav nyob hauv lub ntsws. Yog tias qib ntawm cov teeb meem feem ntau siab dhau, nws yuav ua rau cov kab mob ua pa, xws li mob hawb pob. Ntxiv rau cov tshuab luam ntawv 3D, cov khoom no kuj tshwm sim hauv lub neej niaj hnub, xws li lub tsheb tso tsheb, hluav taws kub hnyiab, thiab lwm yam PM2.5 kuj yog ib qho kev ua qias tuaj uas peb feem ntau xyuam xim rau hauv peb lub neej niaj hnub.
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): VOCs xws li formaldehyde feem ntau muaj kev txhawj xeeb tshwj xeeb thaum kho lossis yuav tsheb. Xyoo tas los, raws li cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm hais txog, qee qhov VOCs los ntawm 3D tshuab luam ntawv yog carcinogenic, tab sis cov toxicity ntawm cov emissions tsis tau kawm tag nrho, thiab kev tshawb nrhiav tseem tab tom ua.
Txawm hais tias kev tshawb xyuas ntxaws tseem tab tom ua, qhov loj ntawm kev phom sij rau tib neeg los ntawm FDM emissions nyob ntawm qhov chaw khiav hauj lwm thiab lub sij hawm raug. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb 2021 pom tias tib neeg raug emissions rau ib teev lossis tsawg dua tsis muaj teebmeem kev noj qab haus huv. Tab sis cov neeg uas ua hauj lwm ntau tshaj 40 teev nyob rau ib lub lim tiam nyob ib ncig ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim teeb meem ua pa. Lub cheeb tsam grey nyob nruab nrab ntawm 1 teev thiab 40 teev tseem yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas ntxiv los ntawm kev sim.
Txawm hais tias cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov lus xaus txog cov me nyuam tseem tab tom kawm, peb yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov tshwm sim hauv tsev kawm ntawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv 3D printing innovation labs hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb los ntawm US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ntawm 3D tshuab luam ntawv emissions qhia tias cov me nyuam yuav muaj feem xyuam rau 3D tshuab luam ntawv emissions. Txoj kev tshawb nrhiav pom tias cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 9 thiab 18 xyoo muaj thaj tsam loj dua ntawm lawv lub ntsws uas npog los ntawm cov khoom tom qab nqus cov pa tawm los ntawm 3D luam ntawv piv rau cov neeg laus. EPA ntseeg tias qhov no yuav cuam tshuam rau menyuam yaus qhov kev xav paub ntau dua thiab nyiam rau kev sib raug zoo nrog lub taub hau luam ntawv thiab cov menyuam yaus txoj kev ua pa tseem nyob rau theem kev loj hlob thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo kis mob.
Yuav txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev noj qab haus huv li cas thaum siv 3D tshuab luam ntawv
Siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg (xws li PLA) thiab xaiv cov khoom qub lossis hom hlau
Ua ntej, qhov loj tshaj plaws cuam tshuam rau FDM emissions yog consumables. Raws li ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb ua los ntawm US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) thiab lwm lub tuam tsev, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau kev tso tawm, nyob ntawm cov khoom siv raw siv los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov txheej txheem nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom siv sib txawv - cov khoom siv sib txawv muaj qhov sib txawv toughening. , xim, thiab lwm yam additives, uas cuam tshuam los ntawm kub yaj txawv. Lub US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) kuj tsis ntev los no hais tias, "Raws li daim ntawv thov ntawm 3D tshuab luam ntawv yuav ntau thiab ntau, nws yog tsim nyog los soj ntsuam qhov cuam tshuam ntawm consumable additives rau tib neeg noj qab haus huv. tshawb xyuas lwm cov additives thiab cov yam ntxwv muaj feem xyuam ntawm cov organic tebchaw tsis muaj zog thiab cov teeb meem tsis sib haum, thiab cov qauv tsim tau raug tshaj tawm. "
Feem ntau ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb FDA tam sim no tsom rau peb yam khoom siv ntau tshaj plaws - ABS, PLA, thiab nylon, nrog ABS feem ntau muab faib ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab. Thaum siv ABS, ntau PM thiab VOCs yuav raug tsim thaum pib, thiab tom qab ntawd cov emissions yuav ruaj khov nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem luam ntawv. Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, vim tias cov emission VOCs yuav sai sai ua ke nrog cov teeb meem me me thiab ua ib qho, cov emissions tseem ceeb tom ntej uas tau tsim tawm tsis tu ncua yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov teeb meem. PLA thiab nylon cov ntaub ntawv tso tawm tsawg dua li ABS thaum siv. Cov ntaub ntawv no kuj tsim cov khoom me me thaum xub thawj siv, tab sis tsis txhob tawm mus tas li. Yog li feem ntau peb hu cov ntaub ntawv no cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv kuj pom tias emissions ntawm PLA yuav raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov hom khoom siv. Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv yog qhov tsis sib xws, thiab cov pa tawm ntawm qee qhov PLA tseem nyob ze rau qhov emission ntawm ABS. Rodney Weber, tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm Georgia lub koom haum thev naus laus zis, tau tshawb pom qhov no tom qab ua qhov kev sim ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rov qab rau xyoo 2017, thiab nws hais kom cov neeg siv ceev faj txog kev yuav khoom pheej yig, tsis muaj ntawv tso cai. Nws tau hais tias, "Peb pom tias kev luam ntawv nrog cov filaments pheej yig dua ua kom muaj cov aerosols ntau dua li siv cov filaments ua los yog pom zoo los ntawm cov thawj lossis cov npe nrov. Txawm hais tias PLA yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv biodegradable xws li pob kws, peb thiab Aerosol Association tau pom tias. Qee qhov PLA tso tawm cov khoom thiab cov khoom sib txuas uas muaj tshuaj lom ntau dua li ABS, tab sis vim tias PLA tsuas yog tsim cov khoom tsis zoo no thaum pib luam ntawv, dhau sijhawm, ABS consumables emit Cov tshuaj lom ntawm cov khoom yuav maj mam dhau cov tshuaj lom ntawm PLA consumable emissions. .
Kev teeb tsa kev ua kom zoo: qhov zoo tshaj plaws nozzle, qis lub nozzle kub, thiab xaiv cov nyhuv zoo tshaj plaws
Qhov thib ob, cov khoom siv tsis sib txawv ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom mus rau cov chaw tsim khoom, thiab cov kev txwv no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev tso tawm. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum siv PLA filament thiab nylon filament, lub hwj chim ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv hom thiab tsis yog pom tseeb dua. Qee qhov chaw kuj muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau PM thiab VOC emission tus nqi.
Brno University of Technology tau ua ib txoj kev tshawb fawb uas cov kws tshawb fawb piv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv teeb tsa ntawm ABS, PLA, PET, thiab TPU cov ntaub ntawv. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias thaum peb xaiv qhov chaw luam ntawv zoo tshaj plaws, peb tuaj yeem ua kom zoo luam ntawv thaum txo qis emissions; tib lub sij hawm, thaum lub nozzle kub yog teem rau qis, cov khoom yuav tsim tsawg emissions. Yog li ntawd, los ntawm kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv ua pa, cov kws tshawb fawb pom zoo tias cov neeg siv lub tshuab luam ntawv teeb tsa qhov ntsuas kub qis tshaj qhov ua tau, txawm tias qis dua qhov chaw tsim khoom pom zoo. Txoj kev tshawb no kuj pom tau hais tias qhov loj ntawm lub nozzle muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau ob qho tib si tawm tus nqi thiab particle concentration. Rau cov khoom siv ABS, PET, thiab PLA, lawv pom tias siv lub tshuab ua haujlwm {{0}}.4 hli nozzle ua PM tsawg tshaj plaws. Qhov tshwj xeeb yog TPU, uas ua rau lub nozzle loj rau 0.6 hli nrog tsawg emissions.
Cov kev tshawb pom kuj qhia tau hais tias cov ntaub ntawv ntws los yog luam ntawv ceev NW nyuam qhuav cuam tshuam rau emissions. Yog li ntawd, extruder nqis yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws cuam tshuam rau emissions. Lwm txoj kev tshawb fawb siv ABS thiab PLA kev ntsuam xyuas pom tau tias lub tshuab luam ntawv rhuab tsis ua kom cov pa tawm, tab sis hloov pauv qhov loj me me, ua rau nws yooj yim dua los txo cov particle suav.
Yuav luag txhua tus kws tshawb fawb tau taw qhia tias qhov cua kom zoo yog tus yuam sij rau kev txhim kho huab cua hauv tsev. Tus neeg siv yuav tsum muab lub tshuab luam ntawv tso rau hauv qhov chaw muaj qhov cua zoo, thiab nruab ib lub kiv cua ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj, thiaj li ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws. Txhua lub tshuab ua pa yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov cua lim kom tsim nyog rau kev siv. Kev ua haujlwm siab huab cua (HEPA) lim tau pom zoo, uas tshem tawm txog 99.95 feem pua ntawm cov khoom. Txhawm rau txo VOC emissions, activated carbon lim yog cov tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws.
Rau cov tshuab luam ntawv qhib, ntxiv lwm cov khoom txhawb nqa
Nws yog ib lub tswv yim zoo los npog koj lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D nrog lub thawv me me nrog lub lim cua. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias tso lub desktop 3D tshuab luam ntawv rau hauv ib lub thawv nrog cov cua lim tuaj yeem txo cov pa tawm ntawm cov pa tawm los ntawm 97 feem pua. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias thaum yuav khoom, koj yuav tsum xyuas seb lub plhaub yuav puas muaj HEPA system vim tias ntau lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D ntawm lub khw tsuas yog siv los tswj cov cua sov thiab tsis muaj emission effect.
Cov cua purifiers siv cov kiv cua los kos cov cua hauv thiab tshem tawm ntau yam kuab paug los ntawm ntau txoj kev pom thiab tshuaj tua kab mob. Lawv tuaj yeem mus ntev hauv kev txhim kho huab cua zoo hauv 3D lub tshuab luam ntawv thaj chaw ua haujlwm, tab sis nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv lub tshuab lim cua nrog HEPA thiab cov lim dej lim dej. Ua tib zoo saib xyuas thaum mus yuav khoom rau cov lim cua, vim tias cov ntxaij lim dej tsim los rau cov plua plav thiab cov khoom sib cais yuav tsis tshem tawm tag nrho cov khoom siv lossis VOCs tawm los ntawm 3D tshuab luam ntawv. Nco ntsoov hloov lub lim ntawm lub tshuab tsis tu ncua.
Lub tshuab luam ntawv enclosure rau HEPA lim
Nruab cov cua zoo saib hauv tsev
Cov neeg saib xyuas huab cua zoo tuaj yeem pab cov neeg siv saib xyuas cov qib ntawm cov tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv thaj chaw ua haujlwm hauv lub sijhawm. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev tshawb fawb tau los sib xyaw cov lus xaus txog seb cov neeg siv khoom saib xyuas cov khoom puas muaj kev cuam tshuam txaus los kuaj xyuas cov khoom me me tawm thaum lub sijhawm 3D luam ntawv. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias feem ntau ntawm cov khoom siv sib cais tawm ntawm cov khoom siv yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 0.05 thiab 0.2 microns loj. Cov neeg saib xyuas huab cua hauv tsev feem ntau tsuas tuaj yeem kuaj pom cov teeb meem ntawm 1 txog 2.5 microns loj (txhais tau tias PM1-PM2.5). Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee qhov kev saib xyuas uas tuaj yeem ntes cov khoom hauv qab no 0.1 microns (txhais tau tias PM0.1).
Qee qhov kev tshawb fawb tau taw qhia tias kev saib xyuas huab cua tsis tas yuav txhim khu kev qha, txawm tias nyob hauv cov chaw tshawb fawb qib siab. Tab sis yog tias koj cov neeg saib xyuas pom tias PM qib twb siab dua 35 micrograms ib lub cubic meter, nws yog lub sijhawm los pib nrhiav txoj hauv kev los ntxuav koj qhov chaw ua haujlwm emissions.
Cov ntsiab lusNrog rau kev txhim kho kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, ntau chav kawm, tsev kawm qib siab, thiab cov lag luam yuav siv 3D tshuab luam ntawv vim tias lawv tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm loj hauv kev kawm thiab kev tshawb fawb. Txawm hais tias cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no tseem tsis txaus los txhawb kev tsim cov qauv kev lag luam, peb tseem yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov xwm txheej uas yuav muaj kev phom sij, tiv thaiv cov teeb meem ua ntej lawv tshwm sim, txo qis kev phom sij ntawm kev ua haujlwm, thiab tiv thaiv menyuam yaus los ntawm cov xwm txheej zoo li melamine yav dhau los.