Los ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm ib txwm muaj rau kev tsim cov khoom siv ntxiv, cov hlau sib txawv thiab cov txheej txheem ua tiav muaj feem cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov khoom kawg. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ib txwm muaj rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov hlau tau lees paub dav dav, tab sis kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntxiv thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom yog qhov nyuaj heev thiab yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb fawb.
Ntawm ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm 3D luam ntawv txheej txheem cuam tshuam rau ntawm microstructure thiab cov khoom ntawm hlau additively manufactured qhov chaw yog lub ntsiab lus niche. Additive manufacturing txheej txheem cia siab rau tsis tu ncua luam ntawv txheej los ntawm txheej, nrog stringent melting thiab solidification yuav tsum tau. Thaum cov txheej txheem luam ntawv raug cuam tshuam, cov thermodynamics uas tswj cov ntawv cog lus muaj zog thiab tsis raug tsim nyob rau hauv txheej yog cuam tshuam. Kev cuam tshuam hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntxiv tau xav tias yuav cuam tshuam rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm interlayer, cuam tshuam txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov qauv microstructure thiab txhua yam khoom ntawm cov hlau.
Txawm hais tias tsis xav txog kev cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem, muaj qhov chaw meej rau kev txhim kho hauv cov khoom siv hlau ntxiv raws li qhov tseeb ntawm qhov tseeb thiab cov khoom siv. Thaum lub sij hawm 3D luam ntawv, solidification kinetics thiab interlayer bonding txiav txim siab lub grain qauv thiab txhua yam khoom ntawm ib feem, uas yog tswj los ntawm thermal gradients, txias nqi, thiab thermal cycling. Thaum cov txheej txheem fusion rau 3D luam ntawv yog qhov nyuaj rau kev tswj, cov yam ntxwv no tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab kev tswj xyuas thermal.
Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub sij hawm 3D luam ntawv ntau lawm, cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam yuav tshwm sim vim qhov yuav tsum tau embed xyuas cov ntsiab lus (xws li sensors, actuators, thiab lub zog sau cov cuab yeej), cov khoom siv ntxiv, hloov cov sij hawm tsim khoom, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim. vim muaj hluav taws xob tawm thiab tshuab tsis ua haujlwm. Thaum cov txheej txheem luam ntawv cuam tshuam, cov ntawv luam tawm yuav maj mam txias, ua rau pom qhov tsis xws luag thiab inhomogeneous microstructures vim cuam tshuam hauv thermal cycling thiab tsis zoo thermal gradients. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov khoom kawg raug cuam tshuam. Cov teeb meem tshwm sim muaj xws li tsis muaj fusion, keyhole collapse, porosity, solidification cracking, solid-state cracking, tsis zoo interlaminar / deg daim ntawv cog lus lub zog, tsis tiav binder debinding, thiab lwm yam.
Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam rau tag nrho kev ua haujlwm ntawm 3D luam ntawv qhov chaw
Rau feem ntau cov txheej txheem hlau 3D luam ntawv, cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam tshwm sim nrog pom cov xim ntawm cov pob qij txha, uas yog hu ua "cov cim txheej txheem". Hauv thaj chaw cuam tshuam ntawm cov qauv kawm, ob qho tib si hloov xim vim yog thermal cuam tshuam thiab qhov tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv ib feem. Pom pom qhov tsis xws luag tuaj yeem tshwm sim raws cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam thiab xav tias yuav cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau cov khoom siv ntawm cov qauv. Txhawm rau tshuaj xyuas ntxiv cov qauv thiab cov qauv txiav, NDT cov kev sim tau ua los soj ntsuam ntxiv cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv tshuab ua ntej thiab tom qab cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam.
Cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm University of Jordan tau tshawb xyuas cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam thaum lub sij hawm arc hlau additive manufacturing. Lawv tau siv 130 × 17 × 150mm raws li cov khoom tshawb fawb thiab siv Ti-6Al-4V rau luam ntawv. Tom qab 8 teev thiab molding, qhov siab mus txog 120 hli, kev luam ntawv tau cuam tshuam, thiab cov txheej txheem luam ntawv tau rov pib dua tom qab lub sijhawm tuag tau kav li 6 teev. Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub molded ib feem txias rau chav tsev kub.
Cov qauv luam tawm los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem txiav tawm rau kev tshuaj xyuas
Kev hloov pauv hauv keeb kwm thermal ntawm ib feem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov tsim ntawm cov qauv nplej. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm microstructure nyob rau hauv ib txwm thiab cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem tsim cov cheeb tsam yog qhov loj ntawm cov nplej. Thaum cov qoob loo loj ntawm cov qauv zoo sib xws nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj, cov qauv los ntawm thaj av uas cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam muaj qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov nplej. Kev ntxhib los mos thiab grain loj sib txawv hauv cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj thiab cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem hauv cheeb tsam yog qhov kev tshawb pom tseem ceeb ntawm kev soj ntsuam microscopic. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem yav dhau los tso thiab kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem tso tawm tshiab, cov txheej txheem solidification (xws li lub pas dej ua ke thiab kev loj hlob tus nqi), thermal gradients, thiab cov cua txias tuaj yeem hloov pauv, thiab mechanism ntawm kev puas tsuaj tiam yuav raug cuam tshuam.
Pom qhov tsis xws luag ntawm cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam
Kev ntsuam xyuas los ntawm resonant ultrasonic spectroscopy qhia qhov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv kev ncaj ncees; Kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov khoom nanomechanical pom qhov txo qis ntawm Young's modulus thiab hardness qhov tseem ceeb hauv thaj chaw uas cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam; X-ray xam tomography qhia txog tus naj npawb ntawm cov teeb meem uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam cuam tshuam ntau dua thiab loj dua li lwm thaj tsam; tseem ceeb teeb liab attenuation thiab backscatter yog pom nyob rau hauv lub teeb liab ultrasound.
CT duab ntawm thaj chaw uas cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam
Kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov khoom siv tau xaus lus tias qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau cov khoom tseem ceeb thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm ib feem. Cov qauv nplej, kev ntxhib los mos, thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov qauv tsim ntawm lossis tom qab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm thaj chaw tau tshwm sim txawv ntawm cov qauv uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem lossis tau luam tawm yav dhau los. Tshwj xeeb, lub zog thiab kev ncaj ncees ntawm ib feem yog qis dua hauv thaj tsam cuam tshuam; thiab qhov loj thiab kev faib tawm ntawm qhov tsis xws luag hauv cheeb tsam cuam tshuam yog ntau dua.
Cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam txhawb nqa 3D luam ntawv rov ua dua thiab kho
Txij li qhov loj thiab kev faib tawm ntawm qhov tsis xws luag xws li cov kab nrib pleb thiab porosity tau pom tias yuav hloov pauv cov qauv kev ncaj ncees thiab cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv ntxiv, thaj tsam ntawm kev cuam tshuam tuaj yeem yog qhov chaw tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm tag nrho cov qauv. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum xav txog qee yam kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov txheej txheem remanufacturing lossis kho siv cov khoom siv ntxiv.
Vim li no, thaum cov khoom siv no tau siv los ua cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv kev siv dav hlau, kev kho mob thiab kev thauj mus los, cov txheej txheem kev pov hwm zoo ntawm cov khoom no yuav raug kuaj xyuas nruj dua thiab tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj. Qhov hnyav thiab qhov tsis xws luag hauv cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam cov cheeb tsam tuaj yeem raug txo los ntawm qee cov txheej txheem ua ntej thiab tom qab fab. Preheating ib feem rau kev tsim khoom kub ua ntej rov pib dua cov txheej txheem tom qab kev cuam tshuam yuav txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm thermal shock thiab kev ntxhov siab, thiab txo qhov kev loj hlob ntawm qhov tsis xws luag thiab tawg. Hais txog kev ua tiav tom qab, ntau yam kev kho mob xws li cov txheej txheem kho cua sov lossis kub isostatic nias (HIP) tuaj yeem pab txhim kho kev ncaj ncees thiab kev ua haujlwm. Cov kev txiav txim siab no yuav tsum tau tshawb xyuas hauv cov kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej los txiav txim siab qhov tsim nyog thiab cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm kev sib dhos zaum kawg.