Yam dab tsi yuav txiav txim siab tshaj tawm -kev daws teeb meem rau hlau 3D luam ntawv?

1. Cov khoom siv: Cov kev txwv yooj yim rau kev tshaj tawm - ua tiav
Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, microstructure, thiab thermophysical zog ntawm hlau 3D luam ntawv cov ntaub ntawv ncaj qha dictate cov kev trajectory thiab txheej txheem tsis ntawm post-processing.
Cov khoom ntawm cov khoom muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab theem kev hloov pauv
Cov hlau sib txawv muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov hloov pauv kub, thermal expansion coefficients, thiab oxidation rhiab heev. Piv txwv li, titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) nyiam hnov ​​​​mob nrog oxygen los ua ib txheej oxide nkig ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 600 degree, yog li kev kho cua sov yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev lossis inert gas ib puag ncig. Nickel-raws li siab- kub alloys (xws li Inconel 718) muaj ntau yam alloying ntsiab lus thiab xav tau graded tswj cov nag lossis daus ntawm 'theem los ntawm kev daws teeb meem (980-1020℃rwb thaiv tsev rau 1 teev) thiab kev laus kho (720℃rwb thaiv tsev rau 8 teev) kom pom qhov sib npaug ntawm lub zog thiab tawv tawv
Qhov ntom thiab cov khoom ntawm cov hmoov
Thawj qhov ntom ntom ntawm cov khoom luam tawm yog cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov khoom, lawv ntws zoo npaum li cas, thiab cov hmoov ntshiab npaum li cas. Piv txwv li, aluminium alloy qhov chaw luam tawm nrog spherical hmoov uas muaj qhov loj me ntawm 15-45 μm tuaj yeem muaj qhov porosity pib ntawm 3% mus rau 5%. Yuav kom lawv denser dua 99.9%, lawv yuav tsum tau kub isostatic nias (HIP) ntawm 1200℃thiab 100 MPa. Cov khoom luam tawm nrog nanoscale hmoov tsuas yog yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm kom tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv vim lawv sinter sai heev.
Tswj uas tsis zoo ib yam nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lus qhia
Txoj kev hlau 3D luam ntawv sib tsoo cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm ib leeg muab nws anisotropic txhua yam khoom. Piv txwv li, lub zog tensile ntawm 316L stainless hlau yog 10% mus rau 15% qis raws cov kev taw qhia luam ntawv (Z-axis) dua li nws nyob ntawm txoj kab ntsug (XY axis). Kev kho cua sov, zoo li tuav ntawm 750℃rau 2 teev thiab tom qab ntawd quenching nrog dej, tuaj yeem pab cov nplej recrystallise, txo qis anisotropy mus rau hauv 5%, thiab ua kom cov khoom sib xws.
2. Ib feem ntawm cov kev xav tau ua haujlwm: tshaj tawm - ua tiav nrog lub hom phiaj hauv siab
Daim ntawv tshaj tawm- kev npaj ua tiav yuav tsum tau tsom ntsoov rau yuav ua li cas cov khoom yuav siv thaum kawg thiab txhim kho kev ntsuas kev ua tau zoo raws li qhov ntawd.
Txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev siv tshuab
Xav tau lub zog siab: Lub tshuab aerospace cav turbine disc yuav tsum tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias ntawm 1000℃thiab kev ntxhov siab ntawm 1000 MPa. Lub zog tensile yuav tsum tau nce siab tshaj 1200 MPa los ntawm HIP + kev kho cua sov sib xyaw ua ke (tom qab 1220℃/ 150 MPa HIP, 1080℃solid solution+720℃ageing).
High toughness qauv: Orthopedic implants, nrog rau lub duav prosthesis, yuav tsum muaj zog thiab muaj peev xwm tiv taus hnav thiab tsim kua muag. Annealing (tuav ntawm 700℃rau 4 teev thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam txias) tuaj yeem nce tus nqi elongation los ntawm 15% mus rau 25% thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm pob txha tawg.
Zoo dua tiv thaiv corrosion
316L stainless hlau qhov chaw siv nyob rau hauv maritime engineering yuav tsum muaj peev xwm tiv taus ntsev tsuag corrosion rau lub sij hawm ntev. Lub sij hawm tshuaj tsuag ntsev tuaj yeem nce ntxiv los ntawm 240 teev mus rau 2000 teev los ntawm kev siv ob qho tib si electrochemical polishing (uas tshem tawm cov txheej oxide saum npoo) thiab anodising (uas ua rau 10 μm tuab oxide txheej). Qhov no ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm ISO 9227 tus qauv.
Txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob muaj cov cai nruj ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau saib. Txhawm rau ua kom lub ntsej muag tsis zoo, lawv yuav tsum tau polished nyob rau hauv ob peb kauj ruam (nruj sib tsoo → zoo sib tsoo → iav polishing) kom txog thaum nws yog Ra0.2 μ m lossis qis dua. Sandblasting kev kho mob (200 mesh alumina xuab zeb hais) yog siv rau tib lub sijhawm los tsim kom muaj ib qho xim matte tiav uas ua tau raws li cov qauv tsim.
3. Kev txwv ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom: qhov kev txwv ntawm qhov tuaj yeem ua tau tom qab ua tiav
Cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm cov txheej txheem luam ntawv thiab lub peev xwm ntawm cov cuab yeej tam sim ntawd txwv cov kev xaiv rau kev tshaj tawm - txheej txheem thev naus laus zis.
Tswj cov kev ntxhov siab seem
Cov txheej txheem laser hmoov txaj melting (LPBF) tawm tom qab qhov kev ntxhov siab uas tuaj yeem ua rau siab li 70% ntawm cov khoom siv zog vim nws txias sai heev. Kev ntxhov siab annealing (kev rwb thaiv tsev ntawm 500-600℃rau 2 teev) yuav tsum tau ua tiav tom qab luam ntawv tiav. Yog tias tsis yog, cov khoom tuaj yeem hloov pauv lossis tawg thaum raug txiav lossis tshuab. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob melting (EBM) muaj kev ntxhov siab tsawg dua vim nws ua kom sov lub substrate rau ntau tshaj 600℃ua ntej melting nws. Qhov no ua rau kev tshaj tawm - txheej txheem ua tau yooj yim dua.
Tshem tawm cov qauv kev txhawb nqa
Kev txhawb nqa tsim rau cov txheej txheem nyuaj, xws li cov chav sib txuas hauv aviation cav, yuav tsum nrhiav kev sib haum xeeb ntawm kev ruaj ntseg thaum luam ntawv thiab yooj yim ntawm kev siv tom qab luam ntawv. Kev siv dej- cov ntaub ntawv txhawb nqa soluble tuaj yeem ua kom yooj yim tshem tawm lawv. Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev txhawb nqa hlau yuav tsum tau kho nrog cov hlau txiav (nrog rau qhov tseeb ntawm ± 0.05mm) lossis tshuaj etching (rau microstructures) kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj rau saum npoo los ntawm kev txiav tshuab.
Kev lees paub qhov tseeb ntawm qhov tseeb
Lub thickness ntawm cov txheej luam ntawv (feem ntau yog 20-100 μ m) thiab txoj hauv kev scanning (xws li chequerboard scanning) ob qho tib si cuam tshuam qhov tseeb ntawm qhov chaw. Rau qhov chaw uas xav tau kev ua siab ntev ntawm ± 0.02mm ntawm mating nto, tsib -axis linkage machining (xws li milling thiab sib tsoo) yog xav tau tom qab kev kho cua sov. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem yooj yim tuaj yeem tau txais Ra3.2 μ m nto precision nrog sandblasting thiab sib tsoo.
4. Tus nqi - qhov nyiaj tau los sib npaug: nyiaj txiag yam xav txog tom qab ua tiav
Cov ntawv tshaj tawm - kev daws teeb meem yuav tsum pom qhov sib npaug zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev txo nqi thiab kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm.
Optimizing unit nqi
Thaum ua ntau yam kev kho mob cog, kev kho HIP tuaj yeem ua rau lawv nyob ntev dua, tab sis tus nqi ntawm ib chav tsev nce 30% mus rau 50%. Los ntawm kev hloov pauv chaw luam ntawv (xws li tsa lub zog laser zog) kom txo qis porosity, HIP kev xav tau tuaj yeem raug txiav los ntawm ib nrab, uas txuag tau nyiaj ntau.
Rov qab los ntawm kev nqis peev hauv cov khoom siv
Cov lag luam aerospace yuav tsum tau siv nyiaj ntau lab daus las rau HIP cov cuab yeej los ua cov txheej txheem siab -kub alloy qhov chaw. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj cov khoom muaj nqis ruaj khov, lawv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog cov kws tshaj lij tshaj lij- cov chaw muab kev pabcuam ua haujlwm thiab them nqi ib thooj (tus nqi ua haujlwm ib thooj) 500–2000.
Txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub voj voog
Nws yuav siv sij hawm 7 mus rau 10 hnub los ua lub tsheb pwm siv cov txheej txheem "printing + annealing + precision machining". Tab sis los ntawm kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem kho cua sov (piv txwv li, nce qhov kub thiab txias mus rau 750℃thiab tuav nws nyob ntawd rau ib teev), lub voj voog tuaj yeem txiav mus rau 5 hnub, uas ua rau kev xa khoom sai.