Yuav ua li cas kom ua tiav siab -precision kam rau ua los ntawm kev tshaj tawm- ua tiav?

Ib, Technical hauv paus ntsiab lus: Ib qho kev kho kom haum rau lub cev uas ua haujlwm nrog ntau lub cev sib txawv los ua haujlwm ua ke.
Tom qab- txheej txheem thev naus laus zis siv qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuab, tshuaj lom neeg, thermodynamic, thiab lwm yam kev siv lub cev los hloov cov microstructure thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom uas tau ua tiav. Muaj peb pawg tseem ceeb ntawm nws cov ntsiab cai tseem ceeb:
Txhim kho mechanical stress alleviation
Thaum koj tshuab cov hlau, lawv yuav tsim cov kev ntxhov siab uas seem, uas yuav ua rau lawv hloov cov duab. Piv txwv li, tom qab laser melting, qhov nro ntawm titanium alloy qhov chaw ua nrog 3D luam ntawv yuav siab li 200 txog 300 MPa. Qhov kev sib txawv ntawm qhov kam rau siab tuaj yeem yog ntau tshaj 0.05 hli yog tias tsis ua tiav kev ntxhov siab. Los ntawm kev thov kev vibration ntawm qee zaus (feem ntau ntawm 15 thiab 100 Hz), kev co kev laus thev naus laus zis rov kho cov kab mob microscopic thiab ua kom cov kev ntxhov siab tso tawm ntau dua 85%. Ib lub tuam txhab German aerospace siv cov qauv no, thiab qhov tsim nyog tus nqi rau satellite qhov chaw mus los ntawm 85% mus rau 95%. Qhov kam rau ua qhov sib txawv kuj raug txiav mus rau ± 0.003mm.
Kev xaiv kho cov tshuaj lom neeg tawg
Los ntawm kev kho tus nqi ntawm anodic dissolution, electrolytic polishing txheej txheem ua rau saum npoo micro geometric morphology zoo ib yam. Piv txwv li, kho lub puab kab noj hniav ntawm 316L stainless hlau nyob rau hauv ib tug phosphoric acid thiab sulfuric acid sib tov electrolyte nrog ib tug voltage ntawm 15V rau 3 feeb yuav txo tau cov nto roughness ntawm Ra2.5 μ m rau Ra0.4 μ m thiab kho qhov kam rau ua deviation ntawm ± 0.02mm rau ± 0.005mm. Txoj hauv kev no ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov txheej txheem sab hauv cov kab noj hniav, zoo li micro qhov kho ntawm lub tsheb roj injectors, uas tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov burrs seem ntawm machining thiab xyuas kom meej tias cov roj txhaj tshuaj yog txawm tias.
Kho qhov hloov pauv ntawm thermodynamic theem
Cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov hloov cov khoom siv lead ua los ntawm kev tswj cov cua kub thiab txias nkhaus, uas kho qhov ntev ntev. Piv txwv li, T6 thermal kho (540℃tov + 175℃laus) tuaj yeem txiav cov coefficient ntawm linear expansion ntawm aluminium alloy qhov chaw los ntawm 12% thiab txhim kho lawv qhov kev ruaj ntseg los ntawm 30%. Cov txheej txheem no yog siv los ntawm Asmeskas lub cav tsim los kho cov turbine discs. Nws txiav qhov kam rau ua qhov sib txawv ntawm ± 0.03mm mus rau ± 0.01mm thiab ncua lub neej qaug zog mus rau 2.5 npaug ntawm qhov qub.
2, Kev siv cov txheej txheem: cov lus teb meej rau txhua qhov xwm txheej
1. Kev ua cov khoom hlau uas tau luam tawm 3D
Hlau 3D luam ntawv thev naus laus zis zoo li SLM thiab EBM tuaj yeem ua rau cov txheej txheem nyuaj, tab sis qhov roughness ntawm qhov chaw yog feem ntau Ra10-20 μ m, thiab muaj teeb meem zoo li cov hmoov tsis siv. Txhawm rau tswj kev kam rau siab tom qab ua tiav, koj yuav tsum ua peb yam:
Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov qauv kev txhawb nqa, siv waterjet txiav los yog hluav taws xob tawm machining (EDM). Qhov no yuav ua rau cov duab tsis hloov vim yog cov khoom siv clamping. Piv txwv li, GE Aviation ntiav EDM kom tshem tawm cov kev txhawb nqa thiab khaws cov kev ua siab ntev nyob rau hauv ± 0.008mm thaum ua roj nozzles rau LEAP xyaw.
Kev kho rau saum npoo densification: Kub isostatic nias (HIP) yog siv rau cov khoom ntxeem tau. Tom qab 4 teev ntawm kev kho mob ntawm 1200℃thiab 150 MPa, qhov porosity yuav raug txo los ntawm 5% mus rau 0.1%, thiab tus nqi ntawm qhov loj me tuaj yeem khaws cia ntawm 0.3% mus rau 0.5%, uas ua kom qhov tseeb ntawm kev kam rau siab.
Precision polishing: Los ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis abrasive ntws polishing, qhov roughness ntawm cov kab noj hniav tuaj yeem raug txo los ntawm Ra12 μ m rau Ra0.8 μ m los ntawm kev kho nws nrog silicon carbide abrasive ntawm lub siab ntawm 0.5MPa rau 10 feeb. Qhov kam rau ua qhov hloov pauv yuav tsum nyob qis dua ± 0.005mm.
2. Tom qab ua CNC machined Cheebtsam
Txawm hais tias CNC machining tuaj yeem ua tau zoo heev, tej yam xws li cov cuab yeej hnav thiab thermal distortion tseem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev zam txim. Tshaj tawm- kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua ke nrog cov thev naus laus zis tom ntej:
Cov cuab yeej ntse them nyiaj: Sensors khaws lub qhov muag ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov cuab yeej txoj kab uas hla hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag thiab hloov kho cov kev txiav. Piv txwv li, Fanuc CNC system tuaj yeem kho qhov kev sib koom ua ke ntawm qhov tseem ceeb thaum lub cuab yeej hnav los ntawm 0.03mm, ua kom paub tseeb tias qhov aperture kam rau ua nyob ntawm ± 0.005mm.
Tsawg-kub txias kev kho mob: Thaum lub sij hawm ua, tshuaj tsuag kua nitrogen ntawm -40℃tsis tu ncua kom lub workpiece kub tsis hloov ntau tshaj 2℃. Qhov no ua rau lub workpiece los ntawm kev nthuav dav ntau dhau thiab ua rau muaj qhov txawv txav. Cov ntawv pov thawj kam rau ntawm cov phab ntsa nyias nyias tau nce los ntawm 78% mus rau 95% tom qab lub tuam txhab Nyij Pooj uas ua rau cov khoom siv precision siv txoj kev no.
Calibration nrog lub laser interferometer: Siv lub laser interferometer tsis tu ncua los xyuas seb lub tshuab cuab yeej raug muab tso rau thiab kho cov teeb meem geometric siv cov txheej txheem them nyiaj. Tom qab calibration, piv txwv li, qhov tseeb ntawm spatial qhov chaw ntawm tsib -axis machining chaw yuav mus los ntawm 0.015mm / 1000mm mus rau 0.005mm / 1000mm.
3. Tom qab kev kho cov khoom sib xyaw
Tom qab ua tiav, cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw (xws li cov yas ntxiv nrog cov pa roj carbon fiber ntau) yuav muaj qhov tsis zoo xws li delamination thiab burrs. Kev tswj kev kam rau siab yuav tsum ua los ntawm kev tshaj tawm - ua tiav.
Ultrasonic tu: Ntxuav siv ultrasonic nthwv dej ntawm zaus ntawm 40 kHz rau 10 feeb tuaj yeem tshem tawm ntau tshaj 90% ntawm cov khoom seem. Qhov no txwv tsis pub particle embedding thaum lub sij hawm sib dhos los ntawm kev ua siab ntev deviation.
Laser polishing: Siv lub laser nanosecond (mem tes dav 100ns) rau micro- txheej txheem cov npoo, tshem tawm ntawm 0.001 thiab 0.005mm ntawm cov khoom, thiab kho qhov kam rau ua qhov txawv ntawm ± 0.05mm mus rau ± 0.01mm.
Nqus kub nias kev kho mob: Kub nias rau 30 feeb ntawm 180℃thiab 5 MPa hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab hauv cov khoom sib xyaw thiab ua kom nws 40% ruaj khov rau qhov loj me.
3, Daim ntawv thov kev lag luam: cov piv txwv zoo sib xws hauv high-kev tsim khoom lag luam kawg
1. Lub teb ntawm aerospace
Tom qab SLM thev naus laus zis tau siv los ua cov cav ntoo ntawm Boeing 787 Dreamliner, cov ntawv hauv qab no - cov kauj ruam ua haujlwm tau siv los tswj cov kev kam rau siab:
Rau kev kho HIP, ua kom sov cov khoom rau 1250℃thiab 170 MPa rau 6 teev kom tshem tawm cov pores sab hauv thiab khaws qhov loj me me ntawm 0.4%.
Electrolytic polishing: Siv cov phosphate{0}}raws li electrolyte nrog 12V ntawm qhov hluav taws xob rau 5 feeb los ua kom lub ntsej muag smoother, mus ntawm Ra15 μm mus rau Ra0.2 μm, thiab kho qhov kev sib txawv ntawm ± 0.03mm mus rau ± 0.005mm.
Kev ntsuas laser: Peb lub tshuab ntsuas kev sib koom tes (CMM) yog siv los kuaj cov hniav hauv qhov loj, thiab rov qab engineering yog ua los txhim kho txoj kev machining kom cov kev kam rau siab yog.
2. Hauv kev lag luam ua tsheb
Hauv kev tsim cov hybrid kis tau tus mob valve lub cev, Toyota siv cov hauv qab no ncej- cov txheej txheem ua:
Electrolytic deburring: Siv qhov ceev tam sim no ntawm 10A / cm² hauv NaCl electrolyte rau 2 feeb kom tshem tawm cov burrs ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig qhov thiab xyuas kom cov hydraulic kaw.
Abrasive flow polishing: Siv 800 mesh silicon carbide abrasive ntawm lub siab ntawm 0.3MPa rau 3 feeb kom lub puab kab noj hniav tsis ntxhib, mus los ntawm Ra3.2 μm mus rau Ra0.4 μ m, nrog ib tug kam rau ua ntau tshaj ± 0.008mm.
Kev tshawb pom hauv online: Ntxiv lub laser scanner rau cov kab ua haujlwm kom ua kom lub qhov muag ntawm qhov loj me ntawm lub sijhawm, hloov cov kev ua haujlwm raws li kev tswj xyuas cov lus pom zoo, thiab nce qhov siab dhau mus rau 99.2%.
3. Teb cov khoom siv kho mob
Cov lus hauv qab no- cov kauj ruam ua haujlwm pab Johnson&Johnson DePuy Synthes ua cov khob acetabular uas yog ob qho tib si biocompatible thiab raug raws li kev ua siab ntev:
Electrolytic polishing: txo qhov roughness ntawm Ti6Al4V substrate los ntawm Ra3.2 μm rau Ra0.2 μm thiab tshem tawm cov khoom uas tsis fused thaum lub sij hawm SLM molding.
Micro arc oxidation: Siv 300V voltage hauv silicate electrolyte rau 5 feeb los ua 20 μm tuab oxide txheej uas muaj hydroxyapatite. Qhov no ua rau cov pob txha pob txha muaj zog 40% muaj zog thiab ua kom lub siab sib txawv ntawm ± 0.005mm.
Kev ntim aseptic: Cov khoom tau ua kom tsis muaj menyuam nrog ethylene oxide kom paub tseeb tias lawv ua tau raws li ISO 13485 cov qauv ua ntej lawv muab tso ua ke. Qhov no ua kom tsis muaj paug los ntawm kev hloov qhov loj ntawm qhov chaw.