Puas yuav tshaj tawm -kev ua kom puas rau cov qauv sab hauv?

一, Technical hauv paus ntsiab lus: Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb nrog kev tshaj tawm - ua tshuab ua haujlwm
Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshaj tawm -kev ua tiav yog txhawm rau txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw, qhov tseeb qhov tseeb, lossis cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo ntawm cov khoom los ntawm kev txiav, polishing, kho cua sov, thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom ua tiav feem ntau yog cov khoom uas tau ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem xws li kev tsim khoom ntxiv (AM), casting, lossis forging. Cov qauv sab hauv ntawm cov khoom no yuav muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:
Microscopic flaws, xws li porosity, tsis muaj fusion zone (LOF) nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv additive manufacturing, los yog shrinking porosity thiab tawg nyob rau hauv cam khwb cia qhov chaw.
Residual stress yog nro uas tsim nyob rau hauv ib yam khoom vim qhov kev hloov ntawm kub los yog theem. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom khoov lossis tawg tom qab nws tau ua tiav.
Gradient cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov uas tsis yog -cov qauv lis piam yog cov piv txwv ntawm cov koom haum tsis sib xws uas yuav hloov cov ntaub ntawv raug tshem tawm thaum ua haujlwm.
Kev cuam tshuam hauv kev tshaj tawm- kev ua tiav tuaj yeem hloov kho cov qauv sab hauv los ntawm kev siv tshuab, kev cuam tshuam thermal, lossis tshuaj lom neeg, ua rau kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo lossis muaj kev pheej hmoo ua tsis tiav.
2, Cov nyhuv thiab cov ntaub ntawv kawm ntawm cov txheej txheem raug
1. Mechanical txiav: cia kev ntxhov siab thiab ua kom muaj qhov tsis xws luag
Thaum lub cuab yeej thiab ib feem tuaj rau hauv kev sib cuag ncaj qha thaum lub tshuab txiav (xws li milling thiab tig), cov khoom raug tshem tawm. Qhov no tuaj yeem tsim cov kev hloov pauv hauv qab no hauv cov qauv sab hauv:
Kev faib tawm ntawm cov kev ntxhov siab uas seem: Txiav quab yuam tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qhov chaw ntawm qhov kev ntxhov siab hauv lub xeev thiab ua rau muaj microcracks sab hauv. Piv txwv li, ib lub tuam txhab dav hlau tau pom tias qhov kev ntxhov siab seem ntawm titanium alloy cov hniav ua los ntawm kev tsim khoom ntxiv tau los ntawm -150MPa rau +80MPa tom qab milling. Qhov no txiav lawv lub neej qaug zog los ntawm 30%.
Kev nthuav tawm tsis raug: Txiav kev vibration tuaj yeem ua rau lub qhov me me lossis thaj chaw ntawm kev ua tsis tiav hauv cov khoom kom loj hlob mus rau qhov tawg loj. Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias tom qab- ntxhib milling, lub porosity ntawm aluminium alloy cov khoom tsim los ntawm laser hmoov txaj melting (LPBF) nce ntawm 0.5% mus rau 1.2%, thaum lub pob txha toughness poob los ntawm 25%.
Teb:
Siv ultra- precision machining (xws li ib qho -pob zeb diamond tig) kom txo qis txiav quab yuam. Ua kev kho cua sov (xws li kev ntxhov siab nyem annealing) ua ntej txiav kom sib npaug hauv kev ntxhov siab. Txhim kho txoj kev cuab yeej kom nyob deb ntawm qhov chaw uas muaj kev vibrations yuav tsim.
2. Kev kho cua sov: kev hloov pauv hauv lub koom haum thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm qhov ntev
Hloov cov theem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev kho cua sov (xws li quenching, tempering, thiab kub isostatic nias) yuav txhim kho kev ua tau zoo, tab sis nws kuj tuaj yeem ua rau:
Deformation ua los ntawm theem transformation: Lub ntim nce uas tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm martensitic transformation tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom hloov pauv. Tom qab carburizing thiab quenching, tus hniav profile yuam kev ntawm ib lub tsheb iav, piv txwv li, sawv ntawm ± 0.02mm mus rau ± 0.05mm.
Thermally induced porosity (TIP): Tom qab kub isostatic pressing (HIP), inert gas pores yuav loj hlob dua nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas tau siv additives. Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias tom qab -HIP, yog tias lub sijhawm annealing ntawm Ti-6Al-4V alloy tshaj 4 teev, porosity yuav nce 0.3%.
Teb:
Siv graded quenching los yog isothermal quenching kom lub qhov muag ntawm qhov kev hloov ntawm theem;
Txhawm rau nres TIP, ua kom zoo - kho cov txheej txheem HIP (xws li kub, siab, thiab sijhawm).
Kev ntxhov siab raug tso tawm los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm "ntxuav machining → kev kho cua sov → precision machining," uas ua ke nrog kev kho cua sov thiab machining.
3. Txhim kho qhov chaw: residual compressive kev ntxhov siab thiab qaug zog ua haujlwm
cov tswv yim uas txhawb nqa qhov chaw, xws li txhaj tshuaj peening thiab dov, ntxiv cov seem seem compressive, uas ua rau kom qaug zog lub neej. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem no kuj tuaj yeem ua rau:
Kev puas tsuaj rau saum npoo: Kev txhaj tshuaj ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau microcracks lossis deg grain refinement. Piv txwv li, tom qab txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv, qhov roughness ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb aircraft cav ncej mus los ntawm Ra1.6 μm mus rau Ra0.4 μ m, thaum lub qhov tob ntawm lub qaug zog tawg qhov chaw mus txog 0.1 hli.
Stress gradient imbalance: Thaum cov seem compressive stressive txheej thiab matrix kev nyuaj siab tsis sib xws, nws yuav ua rau delamination. Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias cov khoom siv aluminium alloy raug rau laser shock peening (LSP) yog qhov cuam tshuam rau microcracking ntawm qhov sib cuam tshuam thaum cov seem compressive qhov tob tob tshaj 0.5 hli.
Teb:
Tswj qhov kev siv ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj peening (piv txwv li, los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov kev pab cuam ntawm Almen xeem daim); siv cov txheej txheem ntxiv dag zog (piv txwv li, txhaj tshuaj peening thiab dov) kom sib npaug ntawm cov kev ntxhov siab gradients; thiab siv cov lej simulation los nrhiav cov txheej txheem zoo tshaj plaws.
3, Kev tswj hwm kev pheej hmoo: los ntawm kev tsim cov txheej txheem kom saib xyuas nws hauv online
Kev lag luam yuav tsum tau teeb tsa cov txheej txheem tswj xyuas kom meej kom txwv tsis pub muaj kev puas tsuaj uas tom qab-kev ua haujlwm ua rau cov qauv sab hauv.
Thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov txheej txheem, xaiv ib qho kev sib xyaw ntawm kev tshaj tawm - cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm uas haum rau cov khoom siv, qauv, thiab kev xav tau. Piv txwv li, HIP + electrolytic polishing yog qhov zoo dua li kev siv tshuab polishing ncaj qha rau cov khoom tsim nrog kev tsim khoom ntxiv.
Siv finite element tsom xam (FEA) los xyuas seb qhov kev ntxhov siab yuav kis mus li cas thiab cov khoom yuav hloov pauv li cas thaum lawv raug tshuab. Ib lub tuam txhab siv simulation los txhim kho milling chaw, uas txiav lub machining deformation ntawm titanium alloy qhov chaw ntawm 0.15mm mus rau 0.03mm.
Theem ntawm kev ua tiav rau kev ua:
Siv cov cuab yeej saib xyuas ntse xws li acoustic emissions thiab txiav quab yuam sensors los muab lub sijhawm tiag tiag - cov tswv yim ntawm kev ua haujlwm li cas. Piv txwv li, qee lub tshuab cuab yeej tsim tau tsim "adaptive cutting system," uas tuaj yeem hloov pauv tus nqi pub ntawm yoov kom tsis txhob muaj kev vibration ntau dhau.
Siv kaw - voj tswj thiab hloov cov txheej txheem tsis nyob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev tshawb pom hauv online. Yog tias lub tuam txhab dav hlau ntiav ib lub laser interferometer los ntsuas qhov ntxhib ntawm qhov chaw thiab ces cia li kho qhov siab ntawm polishing.
Qib ntawm kev soj ntsuam zoo:
Siv tsis yog-kev kuaj kev puas tsuaj (NDT) txoj kev xws li X-ray xam tomography thiab kuaj ultrasonic kom pom cov teeb meem hauv qhov khoom. Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias kev lag luam CT tuaj yeem pom qhov pores uas yog 0.02mm dav nrog 98% qhov tseeb.
Teem ib txoj kab ntawm kev ua cov ntaub ntawv xeem thiab siv tshuab kev kawm los kwv yees tias ib feem yuav kav ntev npaum li cas. Piv txwv li, ib lub lag luam muab siv tau cov ntaub ntawv yav dhau los los cob qhia tus qauv uas tuaj yeem cia siab tias qhov yuav tshwm sim ntawm iav qaug zog tsis ua haujlwm rau lub hlis ua ntej.