Puas muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau 3D luam tawm ua ntej thiab tom qab kev kho cua sov?

1. Microstructure: kev hloov ntawm qhov zoo ntawm qhov tsis zoo rau qhov ntom ntom
Cov txheej txheem hlau 3D luam ntawv cuam tshuam nrog cua sov sai thiab txias cov khoom, uas ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo me me tshwm sim hauv cov khoom. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub laser hmoov txaj melting (LPBF) txoj kev, lub melt pool cools down sai sai, uas ua rau ntxhib columnar crystals nrog siab - ntom dislocations thiab micropores ntawm cov ciam teb nplej. Cov flaws no tsis tsuas yog txo qis qhov ntom ntawm cov khoom (feem ntau 98% - 99.5%), tab sis lawv kuj ua rau cov kab nrib pleb, uas ua rau cov khoom tsis muaj zog nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lawv cov khoom zoo.
Kev kho cua sov txhim kho microstructure los ntawm kev ua cov hauv qab no:
Densification: Kub isostatic pressing (HIP) kev kho mob ua haujlwm nrog kub siab (feem ntau 0.7-0.9 npaug ntawm cov ntsiab lus melting ntawm cov khoom) thiab siab siab (100-200MPa) kom kaw qhov qhov pores thiab microcracks. Piv txwv li, tom qab HIP kev kho mob, qhov ceev ntawm high-temperature alloy qhov chaw rau ib tug tej yam aviation cav mus los ntawm 99.2% mus rau 99.99%, thiab cov khoom yuav kav tsib lub sij hawm ntev ua ntej tawg.
Refining the grain: Cov txheej txheem ntawm recrystallization thaum lub sij hawm annealing tuaj yeem ua rau cov nplej me me. Piv txwv li, annealing aluminium alloy luam tawm qhov chaw ntawm 350℃rau 2 teev txo cov qoob loo loj los ntawm 100 μm mus rau 20 μm thiab nce lub zog tawm los ntawm 15%.
Kev tswj cov theem hloov: Thaum koj quench thiab temper steel, koj tuaj yeem ua dual -theem qauv suav nrog martensite thiab residual austenite. Piv txwv li, tom qab quenched ntawm 1050℃thiab tempered ntawm 200 degree, lub hardness ntawm pwm steel luam tawm qhov chaw mus txog 58HRC, thiab lawv yog peb zaug ntau resistant rau hnav dua qhov chaw tsis kho.
2, Mechanical zog: mus los ntawm tsis yooj yim mus ua kom muaj zog
Kev kho cua sov yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev ua kom muaj zog ntawm cov hlau 3D luam tawm cov khoom zoo dua. Piv txwv li, thaum saib ntawm qhov siab - kub alloy GH4169, cov khoom luam tawm muaj lub zog tensile qis me ntsis thiab lub zog tawm los ntawm cov khoom forged, tab sis qhov elongation ntawm kev tawg thiab hla -sectional shrinkage yog qhov phem dua. Tom qab kev kho cua sov niaj hnub (kev ntxhov siab nyem annealing thiab homogenization annealing), nws tensile zoo nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub thiab siab kub ua tau raws li los yog tshaj cov qauv rau forging. Nws siab -kub durability kuj zoo dua li ntawm forged qhov chaw.
Qhov tsis sib xws hauv kev ua tau zoo yog qhia hauv:
Txhim kho lub zog: Cov txheej txheem quenching ua rau cov qauv martensitic los ntawm kev ua kom txias sai sai, uas ua rau nws nyuaj dua. Piv txwv li, tom qab quenching, lub zog tensile ntawm cov khoom luam tawm ua los ntawm npib tsib xee-raws li siab- kub alloy nce los ntawm 460MPa mus rau 585MPa.
Zoo dua toughness: Tempering tuaj yeem tshem tawm kev ntxhov siab thiab ua rau cov khoom tawv. Piv txwv li, tom qab quenching thiab tempering ntawm 550 degree, qhov cuam tshuam toughness ntawm ib seem ntawm lub tsheb kis tau tus mob nce los ntawm 15J / cm² mus rau 35J / cm².
Optimizing qaug zog kev ua tau zoo: kev kho cua sov tuaj yeem kho cov teeb meem hauv cov khoom siv thiab ua kom qeeb ntawm kev sib kis ntawm kev qaug zog. Tom qab kev kho cua sov, lub neej qaug zog ntawm GH4169 luam tawm ntawm 650℃yog 20% ​​ntev dua li ntawm forged qhov chaw.
3. Dimensional stability: los ntawm dabtsi yog khoov mus rau qhov tseeb
Hlau 3D luam tawm qhov chaw tuaj yeem hloov qhov loj me tom qab luam ntawv vim tias qhov seem ntawm kev ntxhov siab tso tawm lossis hloov pauv hauv microstructure. Qhov no yuav ua rau nws nyuaj rau muab lawv ua ke kom raug. Kev kho cua sov tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kev ruaj ntseg zoo los ntawm kev ua kom lub microstructure ruaj khov thiab tshem tawm kev ntxhov siab.
Tsawg deformation: Annealing tuaj yeem ua qhov sib txawv ntawm thermal expansion coefficient ntawm cov khoom tsawg dua thiab ua rau machining deformation tsawg dua. Piv txwv li, qhov sib txawv ntawm txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hloov pauv mus los ntawm ± 0.15mm mus rau ± 0.05mm tom qab annealing.
Ntev -lub sij hawm ruaj khov: Kev laus kev kho mob tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov tshuaj supersaturated hauv cov ntaub ntawv thiab ua kom lawv qhov loj me tsis hloov ntau dhau sijhawm. Piv txwv li, tom qab hnub nyoog ntawm 170℃rau 8 teev, qhov hloov pauv loj ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm aluminium alloy qhov chaw poob los ntawm 0.3% ib xyoos rau 0.05% ib xyoos.
Kev hloov kho ntawm cov txheej txheem nyuaj: kev kho cua sov tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm rau cov qauv nyuaj xws li nyias- cov phab ntsa thiab ntxeem tau. Tom qab ob npaug annealing (700℃× 2h + 500℃× 4h), qhov qaug zog txwv ntawm titanium alloy orthopedic implants tau nce los ntawm 450 MPa rau 600 MPa, uas yog txaus los txhawb lub cev qhov hnyav dhau sijhawm.
4. Kev Ua Haujlwm Tshwj Xeeb: Universal rau Customized Breakthrough: Kev kho cua sov kuj tuaj yeem muab cov hlau 3D luam tawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb, uas ua rau lawv muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua.
Txhim kho kev tiv thaiv corrosion: Kev kho cov kua nplaum tuaj yeem yaj cov theem thib ob hauv cov khoom, uas ua rau nws tsis tshua muaj corrode los ntawm electrochemical txhais tau tias. Piv txwv li, tom qab raug kho nrog kev daws teeb meem ntawm 1050 degree, lub peev xwm pitting ntawm 316L stainless hlau luam tawm Cheebtsam tau nce los ntawm 320mV mus rau 450mV, uas yog qhov zoo rau kev siv hauv hiav txwv.
Kev tswj cov khoom sib nqus: Kev kho cua sov tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov nplej thiab cov kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov khoom sib nqus kom ua rau lawv cov yam ntxwv sib nqus zoo dua. Piv txwv li, tom qab rhuab mus rau 750 degree, qhov sib nqus permeability ntawm ib feem ntawm lub solenoid valve nce mus txog 20% ​​thiab tus nqi ntawm lub zog siv mus los ntawm 15%.
Txhim kho biocompatibility: Kev kho mob cog yuav tsum tau ua kom sov kom tshem tawm cov kab mob ntawm qhov chaw thiab ua rau cov yeeb yaj kiab passivation. Piv txwv li, qhov nto roughness Ra ntawm titanium alloy orthopedic implants mus los ntawm 3.2 μ m mus rau 0.8 μ m tom qab cov kua qaub ntxuav thiab annealing ntawm 500 degree, thiab tus nqi ntawm cov hlwb daig rau cov cog tau nce 40%.
5. Cov ntaub ntawv kawm: Kev kho cua sov tuaj yeem ua rau CuCrZr alloy cov yam ntxwv zoo dua nyob rau hauv txoj kev uas tsis xav tau.
Vim tias nws muaj kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo, CuCrZr alloy feem ntau siv rau hauv cov tshuab dav hlau. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho nyuaj thiab kim los ua cov txheej txheem nyuaj uas siv cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm raug. Lub CuCrZr alloy ua nrog cov txheej txheem SLM muaj zog heev (yield zog 411MPa) tab sis tsis zoo heev ntawm kev ua hluav taws xob (31% IACS). Tom qab ua kom sov rau 500℃rau ib teev, nws lub zog tensile nce mus txog 585 MPa thiab nws cov conductivity nce mus txog 64% IACS. Qhov no zoo ib yam li cov khoom siv kho mob zoo li cas. Qhov xwm txheej no qhia tau hais tias kev kho cua sov yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv kev tau txais cov khoom siv hlau 3D luam ntawv tshaj plaws.