Vim li cas tom qab -kev ua haujlwm txiav txim siab qhov kawg ntawm cov hlau 3D luam tawm qhov zoo?

1. Kho qhov tsis xws luag metallurgical: los ntawm "xoo thiab ntxeem tau" mus rau "dense thiab flawless"
Hlau 3D luam ntawv muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm qhov me me vim tias nws yaj thiab khov sai.

Cov teeb meem porosity: Hauv SLM (Xaiv Laser Melting) txheej txheem, micropores tuaj yeem tsim sab hauv yog tias cov hmoov tsis puv fuse lossis roj raug kaw. Qhov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum lub porosity nyob nruab nrab ntawm 0.5% thiab 1%. Cov pores no yuav yog thawj qhov chaw uas qaug zog tawg, uas yuav ua rau cov khoom tsis yooj yim rau kev tawg. Piv txwv li, qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub neej tawg ntawm lub turbine blades ntawm ib lub cav muab lub dav hlau tsuas yog 13 teev ntawm 650℃thiab 690 MPa yog tias lawv tsis tau kho tom qab- kho. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab kub isostatic nias (HIP) kev kho mob, lub neej tawg tau txhim kho mus rau 131 teev, uas ua tau raws li cov qauv tsim.
Kev tswj cov kev ntxhov siab uas seem: Tsis sib xws ntawm cov khoom thaum lub sij hawm luam ntawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab nyob hauv qhov chaw, uas tuaj yeem ua rau nws khoov, tawg, lossis tsis sib xws. Raws li ib qho piv txwv, qhov kev ntxhov siab nyob hauv Ti6Al4V titanium alloy yuav siab dua lub zog tawm los ntawm cov ces kaum. Yog hais tias tsis yog annealed, qhov "ntug tawg" phenomena yuav tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm tom ntej machining; annealing ntawm 800-900℃ho txhim khu kev ruaj ntseg.
Cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv kev tshaj tawm - ua:

Kub isostatic nias (HIP): Thaum cov ntaub ntawv raug rhuab mus rau qhov kub siab heev (feem ntau ntawm 900 thiab 1200 degree) thiab siab heev (100 thiab 200 MPa), lawv cov qhov nyob sab hauv kaw, uas ua rau lawv yuav luag ob npaug li ntom.
Annealing rau kev ntxhov siab: Cov tensions seem raug tso tawm los ua kom qhov ntev ruaj khov los ntawm maj mam cua sov thiab txias lub voj voog tuav. Piv txwv li, tom qab tau rhuab mus rau 300 degree, cov residual kev nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv AlSi10Mg aluminium alloy qhov chaw yog txiav los ntawm 80%, thiab lub deformation yog khaws cia nyob rau hauv 0.1 hli.
2. Kev Txhim Kho Kev Ua Haujlwm: Los ntawm "Anisotropy" mus rau "Omnidirectional Balance"
Hlau 3D luam ntawv lub interlayer stacking qualities ua rau nws mechanical zog sib txawv nyob rau hauv txawv kev qhia (anisotropy). Post- kev ua tiav tuaj yeem sib npaug kev ua haujlwm los ntawm kev tswj cov ntaub so ntswg:

Grain refinement: Cov khoom siv tau yooj yim thiab toughness tuaj yeem txo qis los ntawm coarse columnar crystals uas tsim thaum cov khoom txias sai sai tom qab luam ntawv. Grain refining thiab nag lossis daus ntawm cov theem ntxiv tuaj yeem ua kom nrawm dua los ntawm kev kho cov tshuaj (xws li 1080℃kev daws teeb meem ntawm Inconel 718 siab-kub alloy) thiab kev kho kev laus (kev laus ntawm 550℃rau 8 teev). Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau lub zog tensile ntau dua 1300 MPa.
Hardness li: Cov txheej txheem ntawm quenching sai txias cov khoom, tsim ib tug martensitic qauv uas ua rau saum npoo nyuaj. Tom qab quenching ntawm 1050 degree, hardness ntawm 316L stainless hlau qhov chaw mus los ntawm 180HV mus rau 350HV, thiab cov khoom yog peb zaug ntau resistant rau hnav.
Cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv kev tshaj tawm - ua:

Pob ntawv kho cua sov: Ib qho kev cai "annealing + daws + aging" txoj kev rau txhua yam khoom, xws li "800℃annealing+550℃ageing" rau Ti6Al4V, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog thiab tawv tawv tib lub sijhawm.
Los ntawm chemically cua sov ntawm qhov chaw, xws li nitriding thiab carburising, ib tug nyuaj txheej yog tsim uas ua rau nws ntau resistant rau hnav. Tom qab kev kho nitriding, qhov hardness ntawm cov iav qhov chaw tuaj yeem tshaj 600HV, thiab cov khoom tuaj yeem kav ntev li tsib zaug.
3, Tswj qhov tseeb qhov tseeb: los ntawm "kwv yees moulding" mus rau "precision sib dhos"
Feem ntau cov hlau 3D luam tawm cov khoom muaj qhov raug qhov tseeb ntawm ± 0.1mm thaum xub thawj, uas ua rau nws nyuaj rau kev ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev sib dhos precision. Txawm li cas los xij, machining tuaj yeem ua rau kev tshaj tawm - ua kom raug mus rau hauv micrometer.

Kho qhov loj me me: CNC machining yuav tsum tau siv los tswj kev ua haujlwm siab nyob rau hauv txoj haujlwm uas suav nrog kev sib khi, sib txuas, thiab txav cov khub. Piv txwv li, mating nto ntawm lub hydraulic valve lub cev yuav tsum tau machined ntawm tsib axes los txhim kho qhov ntev precision ntawm ± 0.05mm mus rau ± 0.01mm.
Tshem tawm cov qauv kev txhawb nqa: Cov qauv kev txhawb nqa uas tau ntxiv thaum luam tawm yuav tawm hauv qab qee cov cim uas yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tshem tawm nrog electrolytic machining lossis laser txiav kom cov qauv tseem ceeb tsis raug puas tsuaj.
Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb los ua tom qab:

Precision machining: ntiav ultra-kev sib tsoo precision, hluav taws xob tawm machining (EDM), thiab lwm txoj hauv kev kom tau txais qib raug ntawm IT5 rau IT7.
Nrhiav thiab kho cov khoom hauv online: Lub tshuab ntsuas kev sib koom tes (CMM) muab cov ntaub ntawv tiag tiag - lub sijhawm ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv kom cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm tuaj yeem hloov pauv thiab cov khoom tsim tawm tuaj yeem ua tau zoo ib yam.
4. Zoo dua nto zoo: los ntawm "ntxuav txheej" mus rau "daim iav-zoo li smoothness"
Qhov saum npoo roughness (Ra) ntawm cov hlau 3D luam ntawv feem ntau yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 8 thiab 12 μ m, uas yog siab tshaj 0.8 mus rau 3.2 μ m ntawm cov tsoos machining. Ncej - kev ua tiav tuaj yeem ua rau saum npoo du siv ob qho tib si lub cev thiab tshuaj:

Tsav los ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo: Hauv cov khoom siv kho mob, qhov roughness yuav tsum tau khaws cia hauv qab Ra<0.8 μ m to keep germs from sticking; in the field of optics, surface roughness must be below Ra<0.1 μ m to meet the need for transmittance.
Kev tiv thaiv corrosion: Cov nplaim ntxhib tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom corrosive tau nrawm dua, yog li lawv yuav tsum tau polished lossis electroplated los ua cov txheej tiv thaiv tuab. Piv txwv li, tom qab electrolytic polishing, marine engineering qhov chaw tam sim no tuaj yeem tiv taus ntsev tsuag corrosion rau 500 teev es tsis txhob siv 24 teev xwb.
Cov ntawv tseem ceeb - cov txheej txheem ua:

Mechanical polishing: Tus nqi Ra yog coj mus rau tsawg dua 0.4 μ m los ntawm kev siv txoj kev xws li xuab zeb siv sib tsoo thiab magneto rheological polishing.
Tshuaj plating lossis electroplating ntxiv cov txheej hlau zoo li npib tsib xee thiab chromium rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom kom lawv zoo dua thiab tiv thaiv lawv ntawm xeb. Piv txwv li, tom qab cov tshuaj npib tsib xee plating, ci ntsa iab ntawm ib lub tsheb adornment yog ntau tshaj 90%.